chapter 15 - urbanization, population, and environment

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

• study of the size, distribution, and composition of populations
• differences in factors across grps and places lead to growth, decline, and change

Question 2

fertility

Answer 2

people are born

Question 3

migration

Answer 3

people move

Question 4

mortality

Answer 4

people die

Question 5

two factors that impact population

Answer 5

• natural increase/decrease
• net migration

Question 6

natural increase/decrease equation

Answer 6

births - deaths

Question 7

net migration

Answer 7

in migrants - out migrants

Question 8

demographic transition stage 1

Answer 8

• total pop stays low
• high birth and high death
• kids for labor, death from no vaccines/health tech

Question 9

demographic transition stage 2

Answer 9

• rapid pop increase
• high birth and low death
• health tech
• reduction in maternal/infant mortality

Question 10

demographic transition stage 3

Answer 10

• pop growth tapers off, increase slows down
• birth rate falling and death rate falling
• access to birth control to manage fertility

Question 11

demographic transition stage 4

Answer 11

• pop growth falling then stable
• birth rate low and death rate relatively stable

Question 12

US pop growth

Answer 12

• nearly flatlined in recent years
• pop has been growing but rates of growth have changed over time
• 1930s decline: due to great depression
• 1950s - 1960s: WWII end, soldiers coming home starting fams

Question 13

immigration

Answer 13

• decreasing since 2015
• public policy

Question 14

urbanization

Answer 14

• growth of population centered in cities is a master demographic trend
• due to agrarian-industrial-postindustrial transition
• over last 200+ years US has increasingly urbanized
• 1800: 95% rural
• 2020: 85% metropolitan areas

Question 15

global cities

Answer 15

• today about 55% of the world pop lives in cities
• reach 68% in 2050

Question 16

central city

Answer 16

high-density areas at core of metro

Question 17

suburb

Answer 17

medium-density areas surrounding central city

Question 18

older, deterioted housing and other buildings are renovated as more affluent groups move into an area

Answer 18

gentrification

Question 19

process of renovating deteriorating neighborhoods by
encouraging the renewal of old buildings and the construction of new
ones.

Answer 19

urban renewal

Question 20

current geological epoch, geologically significant conditions altered by human activities

Answer 20

Anthropocene

Question 21

exurb

Answer 21

low density areas on periphery of metro areas, beyond suburbs

Question 22

rural

Answer 22

small-town and open-country settings

Question 23

most places in the US are…

Answer 23

nonmetro, but home to 15% of the population

Question 24

urban core/suburban core in the US…

Answer 24

smaller number of places, but home to 85% of the population

Question 25

population and environment

Answer 25

- pop and env interrelated - climate change and pop trends are intersecting - extreme weather patterns and environmental change are putting pressure on certain pops

Question 26

pop and env. strain example

Answer 26

- climate pressure on coastal populations via sea level rise and storms

Question 27

hurricane spending has...

Answer 27

increased over the years, close to 500 billion dollars in 2010s

Question 28

louisiana pop

Answer 28

1.4% of total US pop, 4.6 mil ppl

Question 29

louisiana pop change

Answer 29

- bw 2010-2020 pop grew by 7.2% - US by 7.4% and South by 10.2% - population loss since 202

Question 30

half of the state pop lives in the...

Answer 30

coastal zone; EBR, Jefferson, Orleans, St. Tammany, Lafeyette

Question 31

louisiana natural increase

Answer 31

- contributing to pop growth - 2011-2020: natural increase 175k - # of births and deaths getting closer together

Question 32

most louisiana parishes have experienced...

Answer 32

- natural decrease since 2020 (60%) - covid-19 - aging and youth moving out

Question 33

louisiana net migration

Answer 33

- over decade net migration was close to -75k - 70% parishes experienced negative net migration

Question 34

population-environment problem

Answer 34

- rapid land loss from subsidence and sea level rise - louisiana lost roughly 2k mi land - likely lose another 4k mi by 2050

Question 35

policy challenge

Answer 35

- land loss = increase risk from hurricanes + flooding - "working coast" national economic significance - policy questions around managing resilience, relocation, migration, etc. - property insurance crisis in coastal zone

Question 36

city of cities; large number of ppl

Answer 36

megapolis