Chapter 16

Question 1

Bacteriophages

Answer 1

Virus that infects bacteria; composed of DNA & proteins

Question 2

Old problem: is _____ ______ made of _____ or _____?

Answer 2

genetic material, DNA, proteins

Question 3

DNA structure

Answer 3

Double helix

Question 4

DNA “backbone”

Answer 4

Sugar + phosphate

Question 5

DNA “rungs”

Answer 5

Nitrogenous bases

Question 6

Nucleotide diagram

Answer 6

P(hosphate)

S(ugar) N(itrogenous base)

Question 7

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

Question 8

DNA stands for…

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 9

Purine bases

Answer 9

Adenine, Guanine

Question 10

Pyrimadine bases

Answer 10

Thymine, Cytosine

Question 11

Adenine pairs with _____ in DNA

Answer 11

Thymine

Question 12

Adenine pairs with _____ in RNA

Answer 12

Uracil

Question 13

Guanine pairs with _____ in DNA

Answer 13

Cytosine

Question 14

Type of bond between A and T

Answer 14

Double bond

Question 15

Type of bond between G and C

Answer 15

Triple bond

Question 16

_____ bonds between base pairs of each strand hold the molecule together like a _____

Answer 16

Hydrogen, zipper

Question 17

Antiparallel

Answer 17

One strand runs from 5’ to 3’ and the other runs fom 3’ to 5’

Question 18

Prokaryotic DNA is (circular/linear)

Answer 18

CIrcular

Question 19

Eukaryotic DNA is (circular/linear)

Answer 19

Linear

Question 20

__ chromosome(s) in prokaryotes

Answer 20

1

Question 21

__ chromosome(s) in eukaryotes

Answer 21

Usually 1+

Question 22

Prokaryote DNA location

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Eukaryote DNA location

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have histones?

Answer 24

Eukaryotes

Question 25

Histones

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

_____ DNA in Prokaryotes

Answer 26

Supercoiled

Question 27

Eukaryotic DNA forms _____

Answer 27

Chromatin

Question 28

Replication model

Answer 28

Semiconservative

Question 29

Semiconservative model def.

Answer 29

When DNA separates, half of DNA goes to next replication

Question 30

Helicase function

Answer 30

Unzips/unwinds DNA at origins of replication and creates replication forks

Question 31

Initiation proteins function

Answer 31

Separate 2 strands, which forms replication bubble

Question 32

Primase

Answer 32

Adds RNA primer to start replication

Question 33

DNA polymerase III

Answer 33

Adds complimentary bases to leading strand (new DNA made 5' to 3')

Question 34

Lagging strand grows in _____ direction by the addition of _______ __________

Answer 34

3' to 5', Okazaki fragments

Question 35

DNA polymerase I

Answer 35

Replaces RNA primers with DNA

Question 36

DNA ligase

Answer 36

seals fragments together

Question 37

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 37

Short segments of DNA that grow 5' to 3' that are added onto lagging strand

Question 38

Single-strand binding protein

Answer 38

Binds to and stabilized single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template

Question 39

Topoisomerase

Answer 39

Relieves "overwinding" strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, rejoining DNA strands

Question 40

_____ ______ proofread as based added

Answer 40

DNA polymerases

Question 41

Mismatch repair

Answer 41

special enzymes fix incorrect pairings

Question 42

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 42

Nucleases cut damaged DNA DNA poly and ligase fill in gaps

Question 43

DNA poly only adds nucleotides to ___ end

Answer 43

3'

Question 44

Telomeres

Answer 44

Repeated units of short nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG) at ends of DNA "Cap" ends of DNA to postpone erosion

Question 45

Telomerase

Answer 45

Adds to telomeres