chapter 16

Question 1

what are the 6 functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. mechanical processing
3. digestion
4. secretion
5. absorption
6. excretion

Question 2

trace path of food through digestive system

Answer 2

mouth -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestines -> rectum -> anus

Question 3

list the accessory organs of the digestive system (4)

Answer 3

salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas

Question 4

which function of the digestive system is the physical manipulation of food?

Answer 4

mechanical processing

Question 5

which of the functions of the digestive system is the movement of molecules from the digestive tract and into the blood stream?

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

list the 4 tissue layers of the GI tract from inside to outside of the tube

Answer 6

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

Question 7

which of the tissue layer is the layer that can be made of stratified squamous epithelia bc it is exposed to large physical stresses?

Answer 7

mucosa

Question 8

which of the tissue layers is made of two muscle layers and functions to propel and mix materials?

Answer 8

muscularis externa

Question 9

which of the tissue layers contains blood vessels, lymphatics vessels and nerves?

Answer 9

submucosa

Question 10

specialized peritoneum that helps to organize and stabilize organs of the GI tract

Answer 10

mesenteries

Question 11

waves of contraction that propel materials through the digestive tract

Answer 11

peristalsis

Question 12

does mechanical processing occur in the mouth? if so, what is doing this?

Answer 12

yes - teeth tear and grind food to smaller pieces

Question 13

does chemical digestion occur in the mouth? if so what is doing this?

Answer 13

yes - enzymes begin digestion of starches and lipids

Question 14

what attaches tongue to floor of mouth?

Answer 14

lingual frenulum

Question 15

what food is called in the mouth

Answer 15

bolus

Question 16

where are the three sets of salivary glands found?

Answer 16

parotid- high in cheek, by ear
sublingual- under tongue
submandibular- under jaw

Question 17

which salivary gland produces salivary amylase?

Answer 17

parotid

Question 18

fancy name for chewing

Answer 18

mastication

Question 19

what are the types of teeth and what do they do?

Answer 19

incisors- cutting through food
cuspids- tearing
bicuspids and molars- crushing. grinding, mashing

Question 20

of permanent teeth you should have

Answer 20

32

Question 21

fancy name for baby teeth

Answer 21

deciduous teeth

Question 22

fancy name for swallowing

Answer 22

deglutition

Question 23

three phases of swallowing

Answer 23

buccal phase -> pharyngeal phase -> esophageal phase

Question 24

what is the sphincter found between esophagus and stomach?

Answer 24

cardio esophageal sphincter

Question 25

what is tbe sphincter found between stomach and SI

Answer 25

pyloric sphincter

Question 26

folds in the walls of stomach

Answer 26

rugae

Question 27

smallest part of stomach - connected to esophagus

Answer 27

cardia

Question 28

largest part of stomach

Answer 28

body

Question 29

food + gastric secretions are called

Answer 29

chyme

Question 30

4 substances that make up gastric secretions and their functions

Answer 30

mucus - protects stomach lining form other substances intrinsic factor - needed later for B12 absorption HCl - creates acidic environment necessary to convert pepsinogen to pepsin pepsinogen - gets converted to pepsin; begins to breakdown proteins in stomach

Question 31

which of the functions of the digestive system is the release of water acids enzymes and buffers into the digestive tubes?

Answer 31

secretion

Question 32

which of the functions of the digestive system is the chemical breakdown of food to absorbable size?

Answer 32

digestion

Question 33

function of mucus

Answer 33

protects lining of stomach from other gastric secretions

Question 34

types of cells that produce HCl in stomach

Answer 34

parietal cells

Question 35

type of cells that produce pepsinogen

Answer 35

chief cells

Question 36

ph of stomach

Answer 36

1.5-2.0

Question 37

gastric phase of digestion in stomach begins when this happens

Answer 37

when food enters the stomach

Question 38

three regions of small intestine listed in order form the stomach

Answer 38

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 39

region of small intestine where most digestion and absorption takes place

Answer 39

jejunum

Question 40

region of small intestine where chyme is received from stomach and secretions from liver and pancreas are received

Answer 40

duodenum

Question 41

longest segment of small intestine

Answer 41

ileum

Question 42

finger like projections of mucosa found in small intestine

Answer 42

villi

Question 43

modified folded surface of columnar epithelium on villi

Answer 43

microvilli

Question 44

purpose of intestinal folds, villi and microvilli

Answer 44

increase surface area for secretion and absorption - improved efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption

Question 45

valve (sphincter) that regulates movement of material from small to large intestine

Answer 45

ileocecal valve

Question 46

number of lobes in your liver

Answer 46

4

Question 47

substance produced in the liver that breaks down fast into smaller droplets

Answer 47

bile

Question 48

process when bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets

Answer 48

emulsification

Question 49

organ that stores bile

Answer 49

gall bladder

Question 50

organ that secrete insulin, most digestive enzymes and buffers

Answer 50

pancreas

Question 51

organ that receives secretions from pancreas

Answer 51

small intestine (duodenum)

Question 52

class of enzymes secreted by the pancreas that digest carbohydrates

Answer 52

carbohydrases

Question 53

three functions of large intestine

Answer 53

reabsorption of water absorption of vitamins compaction and storage of feces

Question 54

five regions of large intestine in order

Answer 54

cecum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon

Question 55

pouches of large intestine that distend and elongate

Answer 55

haustra

Question 56

expandable organ for storing feces

Answer 56

rectum

Question 57

exit of anal canal

Answer 57

anus

Question 58

enzyme: breaks down carbohydrates - one type made by salivary glands another by pancreas

Answer 58

amylase

Question 59

enzyme: begins breakdown of proteins into polypeptide chains

Answer 59

pepsin

Question 60

enzyme: breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 60

lipase

Question 61

enzyme: continues break down of proteins by breaking down polypeptides into smaller peptides

Answer 61

trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 62

hormone: increases secretions of chief cells and parietal cells in stomach, thus increasing amount of HCl and pepsinogen in stomach

Answer 62

gastrin

Question 63

hormone: stimulates production of buffers and increases rate of bile production

Answer 63

secretin