chapter 18

Question 1

follow the pathway that urine takes as it is produced until it exits the body

Answer 1

kidney –> ureter –> bladder –> urethra

Question 2

what is the organ that produces urine?

Answer 2

kidney

Question 3

what is the organ that temporarily stores urine?

Answer 3

bladder

Question 4

what transports urine out of the body?

Answer 4

urethra

Question 5

what transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Answer 5

ureter

Question 6

another term for urination

Answer 6

micturition

Question 7

three functions of urinary system

Answer 7

excretion, elimination & homeostatic regulation

Question 8

list homeostatic regulatory mechanisms performed by kidneys

Answer 8

regulates blood volume and pressure, regulates ions in plasma, aids in stabilizing pH, conservation of valuable nutrients

Question 9

which kidney typically sits lower in the body?

Answer 9

right

Question 10

functional unit of kidney that is capable of filtering blood?

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

two layers of the kidney

Answer 11

cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)

Question 12

blood vessel that carries blood to be filtered to the kidney

Answer 12

renal artery

Question 13

blood vessel that carries filtered blood away from the kidney

Answer 13

renal vein

Question 14

where does the ureter, renal artery, renal vein and renal nerve connect to kidney

Answer 14

hilum

Question 15

two main parts of nephron

Answer 15

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 16

two parts of renal corpuscle

Answer 16

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

Question 17

three regions of renal tubule

Answer 17

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of henle and distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 18

fluid that has left the glomerulus and entered the bowmans capsule is called

Answer 18

filtrate

Question 19

name of fluid in renal tubule

Answer 19

tubular fluid

Question 20

name of fluid in collecting duct

Answer 20

urine

Question 21

process that involves water and solutes leaving glomerular capillaries and entering bowmans capsule

Answer 21

filtration

Question 22

process that involves removal of water and solutes from tubular fluid and back into capillaries

Answer 22

reabsorption

Question 23

process that involves transport of solutes from capillaries into renal tubule

Answer 23

secretion

Question 24

region of nephron where filtration occurs

Answer 24

renal corpuscle

Question 25

region of nephron where water and some ions are reabsorbed, creating a concentration gradient in renal medulla allowing for the production of concentrated urine

Answer 25

nephron loop

Question 26

region of water reabsorption, and reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

Answer 26

collecting duct

Question 27

water reabsorption typically occurs via this process

Answer 27

osmosis

Question 28

region of reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water

Answer 28

PCT

Question 29

region of reabsorption of water and sodium ions, secretion of acids, ammonia and drugs

Answer 29

DCT

Question 30

three metabolic wastes found in urine

Answer 30

urea, uric acid and creatine

Question 31

hormone that controls amount of water reabsorbed in DCT and collecting duct

Answer 31

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 32

hormone produced by adrenal cortex, results in reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium ions

Answer 32

aldosterone

Question 33

in low levels of ADH, urine will be ____ because there is a ____ level of water reabsorption

Answer 33

dilute, low

Question 34

in high levels of ADH, urine will be ____ because there is a ____ level of water reabsorption

Answer 34

concentrated, high