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Physiology/Anatomy > Chapter 16-17 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17 Test Review Flashcards

(93 cards)

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0
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?

A

Chemoreceptors

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1
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located

A

Medulla

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2
Q

A (long, short) blood vessel with a (small,large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long, small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle) to the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle)

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content?

A

Pulmonary veins

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5
Q

From which major blood vessels do all systemic blood vessel branch?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart?

A

Systemic

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7
Q

Which circulation path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Hepatic portal

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8
Q

(Arteries,veins) (closest to,farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins

Closest to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor?

A

Friction between blood walls

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10
Q

When the left ventricles contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass lungs?

A

Ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the ____ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus

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13
Q

In the fetus, what is the opening the allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ___ In size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as ___ immunity

A

Innate

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfictional?

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ to the ____ and out through the ____

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with the faster flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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24
Vessels with a thick muscle layer
Arteries
25
Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
26
Vessels with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
27
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
28
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
29
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
30
Known as exchange vessels
Capillaries
31
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly?
T-cells
32
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary
33
Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ___ to pop open valves
Arteries
34
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ___ materials to and from all cells
Transport
35
Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?
Middle
36
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ___ movements and skeletal muscular contractions
Breathing
37
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse
Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, dorsal
38
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange
Filtration, reabsorption
39
Blood pressure is read with a (an)
Sphygmomanometer
40
Blood typically flows from the heart to ___, then to __ then ___
Arteries Capillaries Veins
41
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?
Capillaries
42
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ___ blood pressure
Systolic
43
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Lumen
44
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
45
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
46
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal?
108/68
47
Which type of blood vessel is refereed to as blood reservoir
Veins
48
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
49
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
50
Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to
Length and radius Blood vessels Blood viscosity
51
At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels
Veins
52
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increased systemic vessels resistance
Vessel length
53
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
54
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
55
Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in heart rate
Increase
56
Blood pressure would increase with a ___in vascular resistance
Increase
57
Blood pressure would increase with a ____ in blood volume
Increase
58
Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in water retention
Increase
59
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased cardiac output
Increase
60
How would the following affect blood pressure? Decreased blood volume
Decrease
61
How would the following affect blood pressure? Water retention
Increase
62
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased vascular resistance
Increase
63
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased production of epinephrine
Increase
64
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Interferons
65
Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here
Carotid artery
66
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drains interstitial fluid Transport lipids gastrointestinal to blood Immune response
67
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in the vessel
Subclavian veins
68
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Blood viscosity increases
Increase
69
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increased blood vessel diameter
Decrease
70
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Being in arteries compared to capillaries
Decrease
71
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increasing blood vessel length
Increase
72
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
73
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Anerurysm
74
Stretching of wall of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
75
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
76
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
77
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
78
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
79
High amount of carbon dioxide
Hypercaphia
80
List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes fluids, movements of fluid
81
What are symptoms of inflammation?
Pain Redness Swelling Heat
82
List some substances that could act a antigens
Food, pollen, bacteria, viruses
83
When a cell is infected by virus, what may the cell produce to help
Interferons
84
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph | Store lymphocytes
85
In general, what vessels can we see through our skin?
Veins
86
Mucous membranes would be considered to be a ___ line of defense against pathogens
First
87
Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum?
Thymus
88
Name the major components of the lymphatic system
Lymph Lymphatic vessels Red bone marrow Structures containing lymphatic tissue
89
Which cells produce antibodies?
B-cells
90
Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
Spleen
91
Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes?
Mature B-cells
92
Where are damaged and worn out blood cells destroyed?
Spleen

Physiology/Anatomy (22 decks)

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