Semester 1 Test Review Flashcards
0
Q
A muscle cell is another name for?
A
A muscle fiber
1
Q
Action potential is another name for?
A
An impulse
2
Q
Alternating light and dark bands running through the sarcoplasm of muscle are called?
A
Striations
3
Q
A single nerve fiber and the muscle fiber it supplies is called?
A
Motor unit
4
Q
The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is called?
A
Neuromuscular junction
5
Q
What neurotransmitter is sent from synaptic vesicles
A
ACh
6
Q
___ is the stiffening of muscles after death
A
Rigor mortis
7
Q
Which thick myofilaments with enlarged heads to form cross bridges?
A
Myosin
8
Q
Aging causes?
A
Slower muscle reflexes
9
Q
Which disease causes wear and tear of articular cartilage?
A
Osteoarthritis
10
Q
Which joint as the greatest range?
A
Ball and socket
11
Q
Which disease cause antibodies to attack joint tissue
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
12
Q
Which term is used to describe the displacement of a joint bone from is joint?
A
Dislocation
13
Q
The over stretching of a muscle is called?
A
Strain
14
Q
Decreased angle of a joint is the result of?
A
Flexion
15
Q
Moving a body part away from the midline is called?
A
Abduction
16
Q
Turing the palm face up is called?
A
Supination
17
Q
Moving the sole of the foot inward is called?
A
Inversion
18
Q
Lowering a body part is called?
A
Depression
19
Q
Having palms forward and body erect is?
A
The atomically position
20
Q
The abdominal cavity contains?
A
Large intestines
21
Q
The abdominal cavity is ___ to the diaphragm
A
Inferior
22
Q
Keeping the body a stable condition is called?
A
Homeostasis
23
Q
This system breaks down chemical and foods?
A
Digestive system
24
Am example of a negative feedback is?
Regulation of body temperature
25
The study of the body's structure and it's relationship is called?
Anatomy
26
Skin belongs to what system?
Integumentary system
27
Hair follicles are part of which gland?
Sebaceous
28
Inflamed sebaceous glands cause?
Acne
29
If the arrector pilli muscle remains contracted for a minute (+) the person is?
Cold
30
The study of skin condition is called?
Dermatology
31
Which cells produce dark pigments and color?
Melanocytes
32
Albinism is the lack of?
Melanin
33
Blood vessels are found in the?
Dermis
34
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Epidermis
35
Sudoriferous glands produce?
Sweat
36
The prime function of hair is?
Protection
37
What's the four functions of skin?
Protection, secretion, temperature regulation and sensation
38
Which tissue is avascular?
Epithelial
39
Which tissues lines body cavities
Epithelial
40
A flat/single layer of tissue is called?
Simple squamous epithelium
41
Which layer of tissue allows diffusion?
Simple squamous epithelium
42
What are the four functions of connective tissue?
Support, protection,energy, immunity
43
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection
44
How many layers does a pseudostratified squamous cell have?
Looks like many, but only one
45
Which tissue type has a lot of matrix?
Connective tissue
46
Exocrine secretes?
Mucus, oil, and enzymes
47
Endocrine secretes?
Hormones
48
Connective tissue that is flexible and can stretch?
Elastic fibers
49
Which tissue type has blood supply?
Connective
50
A cartilage cell is called a ___
Chondrocyte
51
The matrix of the blood is?
Plasma
52
Which membrane lines cavities of movable joints?
Synovial joints
53
Muscle tissue is specialized to?
Contract
54
Stratified squamous epithelium forms what layer of skin?
Superficial layer of skin
55
Which tissue doesn't have a good blood supply?
Epithelial
56
What are the three functions of epithelial tissue?
Secrete, absorb, and protect
57
And adipocyte cell is specialized to do what?
Store fat
58
Tissue that function together are called
An organ system
59
Compared to the diaphragm the heart is ___
Superior
60
Which tissue contains the stomach, liver, spleen, and large intestines?
Abdominal cavity
61
Fingers are __ to the end of the arm
Distal
62
What is the sum of all chemical processes in the body?
Metabolism
63
What are the cells who do specialized tasks?
Specialized cells
64
What are stem cells that change into specialized cells called?
Differentiation
65
What is the ability to read the internal and external environment called?
Responsiveness
66
This system regulates blood and eliminates waste?
Urinary
67
The integumentary system includes the?
Skin
68
A network of organs, nodes, and vessels is the ____ system
Lymphatic
69
Related organs who perform common functions are?
Organ system
70
An effector?
Responds to stimulus
71
Means neck
Cervical
72
This plane divides the body into left and right?
Sagittal plane
73
What are the levels of organization in the body?
```
Organism
System
Organ
Tissue
Cellular
Chemical
```
74
At a synapse the neuron sending the signal is?
Presynaptic
75
Which neuron sends an impulse to a muscle?
Motor neuron
76
What is another name for a motor neuron?
Afferent
77
What is the name of an impulse that can leap from one sheath to another?
Saltatory
78
What are the three functions of the nervous system?
Motor, integrative, and sensory
79
What is the name of a nerve cell that carries an impulse?
Neuron
80
What is the insulating material in the PNS?
Myelin
81
What is the name of a neuron myelinated gap?
Node of ranvier
82
Where is the nucleus stored?
Cell body
83
What is the communicative substance?
Neurotransmitter
84
What is the name if the sac that stores the neurotransmitter?
Synaptic vesicles
85
What is the highly branched part of the neuron?
Dendrite
86
What increases the speed of a nerve impulse?
Myelin
87
What is the long cylindrical part of the neuron?
Axon
88
Which neuron conveys information to the CNS?
Sensory neuron
89
What is the body's natural painkiller?
Endorphins
90
Which neurotransmitter activates movement in the skeletal system?
ACh
91
Which nervous system activates the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic
92
During which period can a neuron no longer be stimulated?
Refractory period
93
What is the difference in electrical charge?
Resting potential
94
Which ion is in high concentration outside of the membrane?
Sodium
95
Ions move from low to high concentration through ___
Sodium pump
96
Are bones of the rib cage long bones?
no - flat
97
How does a bone grow?
Epiphyseal plate
98
What is yellow bone marrow made of?
Adipose cell
99
Which bone of the skull is movable?
Mandible
100
The pectoral girdle is made of...
Clavicle and scapula
101
In a long bone what is the shaft called?
Diaphysis
102
Which bone is the largest and strongest bone in the human body?
Femur
103
Osteoporosis is due to _____ loss.
Calcium
104
The process _____ is used to form bones.
Ossification
105
The most common method of ossification is?
Endochondral
106
Cleft palate is the result of which bone failing to fuse?
Maxillae
107
An immovable joint is called a ____.
Suture
108
The neck vertebrae is also known as what?
Cervical vertebrae
109
The coccyx (does/does not) fuse to make hip bones.
Doesn't
110
Which disease is the result of side ending of the vertebrae?
Scoliosis
111
Female skeletons have (wide/thin) and (deep/shallow) pelvises.
Wide for #1 and shallow for #2
112
Bones become more _____ with age.
Brittle
113
The end of a muscle that attaches to a stationary bone is the _____.
Origin
114
This muscle produces the opposite effect.
Antagonist
115
Muscle that helps the prime mover.
Synergist
116
Which fibers are parallel to the midline?
Rectus
117
What is an "o" shaped muscle called?
Orbicularis
118
What is the name for a two headed origin?
Bicep, ya dingus.
119
What does the gastrocnemius do?
Plantar flex
120
What action does the zygomatic major produce?
SMILE
121
What action does the orbicularis oris produce?
Puckering lips
122
What action does the masseter produce?
Closing jaw
123
What action does the altissimo a Doris produce?
Extend/adduct arm
124
What action does the deltoid produce?
Abduct/flex/extend
125
What is the name of a specialized structure in a cell?
Organelle
126
Functional units of an organism are called...?
Cells
127
The majority of the plasma membrane is made of...?
Phospholipids
128
What is the name of the fluid in a cell?
Intercellular fluid
129
The ____ makes up the content between the membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
130
_____ is not a characteristic of a membrane.
Cell organelles
131
Characteristics of a nucleus are?
Largest part, contains DNA, and nucleoli
132
Movement of a substance from high to low?
Diffusion
133
Movement of a substance from low to high?
Active transport
134
RBC's placed in a hypotonic solution will?
Swell
135
Gradient means?
Difference
136
High to low movement with plasma membrane is?
Facilitated diffusion
137
Ribosomes produce ____?
Proteins
138
Vesicles destroy _____ in lysosomes.
Bacteria
139
Where does the cell get its energy source from?
Mitochondria
140
What cell part controls the whole cell?
Nucleus
141
What is the name of the semiliquid part of the cytoplasm?
Cytosol
142
What cell organelle stores protein?
Rough ER
143
What action does the gluteus maximus produce?
Extend thigh
144
What action does the frontalis produce?
A wrinkled forehead... Like Mr. Koch
145
What action does the triceps brachii produce?
Extend arm
146
What action does the extensor digitorium produce?
Extend phalanges.
147
What action does does the sternocleidomastoid produce?
Flex and rotate head
148
What action does the biceps brachii produce?
Flex arm and forearm
149
What action does the rectus femoris produce?
Flex thigh and extend leg
150
Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?
Skeletal
151
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the blood vessels and wall of the heart?
Smooth
152
Which type of muscle tissue contracts voluntarily?
Skeletal
153
Which type of muscle tissue is branched with interlaced discs?
Cardiac
154
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
Cardiac
155
Which type of muscle tissue is spindle shaped?
Smooth
156
Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bone?
Skeletal
157
Which type of muscle tissue has the longest individual cells?
Skeletal
158
What is essential to maintaining posture?
Skeletal
159
____ provides energy to produce ACh.
Mitochondria
160
Muscle tissues help _____.
Maintain posture, produce heat, provide movement.
161
ATP is an energy source for?
Muscle contraction
162
Movement of ____ ions from outside the sarcolemma to inside causes action potential to begin.
Potassium
163
Aerobic respiration requires?
Oxygen
164
What is the name of a large muscle?
Maximus
