Chapter 16-19 Test

Question 1

West Africa Squadron

Answer 1

British Naval force armed to enforce the abolition of the slave trade in 1807; it intercepted hundreds of slave ships and freed thousands of Africans

Question 2

Breakers

Answer 2

slave drivers who employed the people to torture/beat slaves

Question 3

Black Belt

Answer 3

region of the Deep South with the highest concentration of slaves, emerged in the 19th century as cotton production became more profitable and slavery expanded south and west.

Question 4

Responsorial Call

Answer 4

Call and response style of preaching that melded Christian and African traditions, practice by African slaves in the south

Question 5

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Answer 5

Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the death of sixty whites and raised fear among white southerners of further uprisings

Question 6

Amistad

Answer 6

Spanish Slave ship dramatically seized off the coast of Cuba by the enslaved Africans aboard, driven ashore in Long Island and the slaves were put on trial, John Quincy Adams, argued with theSupreme Court, and the slaves were released to Africa

Question 7

American Colonization Society

Answer 7

Reflecting the focus of early abolitionists on transporting freed black back to Africa, established Liberia, west-African settlement intended as a haven for emancipated slaves.

Question 8

Liberia

Answer 8

West-African nation founded in 1822 as a haven for freed blacks, fifteen thousand of whom made their way back across the Atlantic by 1860

Question 9

The Liberator

Answer 9

Antislavery newspaper published by William Loyd Garrison who called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves

Question 10

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 10

Abolitionist Society founded by William Loyd Garrison who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery

Question 11

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

Answer 11

Incendiary abolitionist track advocating the violent overthrow of slavery, published by David Walker

Question 12

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas

Answer 12

Vivid autobiography of the escaped slave and renowned abolitionist Frederick Douglass

Question 13

Mason-Dixon Line

Answer 13

originally drawn by surveyors to resolve the boundaries between Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia in the 1760’s, came to symbolize the North-South divide over slavery

Question 14

Gag Resolution

Answer 14

Prohibited debate or action on antislavery appeals, driven through the House by pro-slavery southerners, the gag resolution passed every year for 8 years, eventually overturned with the help of John Quincy Adams

Question 15

William T. Johnson

Answer 15

a mulatto, barber of Natchez, owned slaves, flogged slaves and a mule, because whipping a mule is effective

Question 16

Nat Turner

Answer 16

visionary black preacher, led an uprising, created Nat Turner’s rebellion, killed 60 whites

Question 17

William Wilberforce

Answer 17

member of Parliament, and evangelical Christian reformer whose family had been touched by George Whitefield, unchained slaves in West Indies

Question 18

Theodore Dwight Weld

Answer 18

been evangelized by Charles Finney in New York’s Burned-Over-District, appealed with special power and directness to his rural audiences of untutored farmers

Question 19

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 19

published in Boston the first issue of his antislavery newspaper, the Liberator, founded American Anti Slavery Society

Question 20

David Walker

Answer 20

Wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, advocated bloody end to white supremacy.

Question 21

Soujourner Truth

Answer 21

freed black woman in New York who fought for black emancipation and woman’s rights

Question 22

Martin Delany

Answer 22

took serious note in the decolonization of Africa

Question 23

Frederick Douglas

Answer 23

escaped bondage, published Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, got the crap beat out of him, strong abolitionist

Question 24

Tariff of 1842

Answer 24

Protective measure passed by Congressional Whigs, raising tariffs to Pre-Compromise of 1833 rates

Question 25

Caroline

Answer 25

Diplomatic row between the United States and Britain, developed after British troops set fire to an American steamer carrying supplies across the Niagara River to Canadian insurgents, during Canada's short-lived insurrection

Question 26

Creole

Answer 26

American ship captured by a group of rebelling Virginian slaves, the slaves successfully sought asylum in the Bahamas, raising fears among southern planters that the British West Indies would become a safe haven for runaway slaves

Question 27

Aroostook War

Answer 27

Series of clashes between American and Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed territory of Northern Maine, resolved when a permanent boundary was agreed upon in 1842.

Question 28

Manifest Destiny

Answer 28

Belief that the United States was destined by God to spread its empire of liberty across North America, served as a justification for mid-ninteenth century fifty-four forty slogan adopted by expansionists who advocated the occupation of the Oregon territory, jointly held by Britain and the United States.

Question 29

Liberty Party

Answer 29

Anti slavery party that ran candidates in the 1840s and 1844 election before merging with the Free Soil Party, supporters of Liberty party sought the eventual abolition of slavery, but in short term hoped to halt the expansion of slavery into territories and abolish the domestic slave trade

Question 30

Walker Tariff

Answer 30

Revenue-enhancing measure that lowered tariffs from 1842 levels thereby fueling trade and increasing Treasury receipt.

Question 31

Spot Resolutions

Answer 31

Measures introduced by Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln, questioning President James K. Polk's justification for War with Mexico, Lincoln requested that Polk clarify precisely where Mexican Forces had attacked American troops

Question 32

California Bear Republic

Answer 32

Short lived California republic, established by Local American settlers who revolted against Mexico, once news of war with Mexico reached the Americans, they abandoned the Republic in favor of joining the United States.

Question 33

Battle of Buena Vista

Answer 33

Key American victory against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War, elevated General Zachary Taylor to national prominence, helped secure his success in the 1848 presidential election

Question 34

Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo

Answer 34

ended war with Mexico, Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest from Texas to Oregon in exchange for 18.25 million in cash and assumed debts

Question 35

Conscience Whigs

Answer 35

Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral ground, sought to prevent annexation of Texas as a slave states, serve as buttress to Southern slave Power

Question 36

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 36

Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico, introduced by Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot, jacked up tensions

Question 37

John Tyler

Answer 37

became president after WHH died, democrat in Whig Clothing, still largely Democrat, hostile to central Bank, vetoed, signed Tariff of 1842, helped bring in Texas to the nation

Question 38

James K. Polk

Answer 38

Democratic dark horse candidate, lowered tariff, Walk Tariff bill, restoration of independent treasury, acquire California and Oregon, compromised on Oregon, wanted to buy California from Mexico, sent Slidell, who got rejected, Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to go provocatively close to Mexico, over the previously though border, called for War on Mexico

Question 39

Stephen W. Kearny

Answer 39

led troops through Santa Fe Trail to get to California

Question 40

John C. Fremont

Answer 40

conveniently was already in California who hap captured it, hoisted Bear Flag Republic

Question 41

Winfield Scott

Answer 41

given command of the mission to take coastal city of Veracruz, got handicapped, but still bought it

Question 42

Nicholas P. Trist

Answer 42

Chief clerk of State Department, arranged for armistice, negotiate Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo

Question 43

David Wilmot

Answer 43

fearful of slavocracy, slavery never existed any territory from Mexico

Question 44

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 44

Notion that the sovereignty people of a given territory should decide whether to allow slavery, North opposed it because they thought it would spread.

Question 45

Free Soil Party

Answer 45

Antislavery party in the 1848 and 1852 elections that opposed the extension of slavery into the territories, arguing that the prescreens of slavery would limit the opportunities for free laborers

Question 46

California Gold Rush

Answer 46

Inflow of thousands of miners to Northern California after new reports of the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in January 1848 had spread around the world

Question 47

Underground Railroad

Answer 47

Informal network of volunteers that helped runaway slaves escape from the South and reach free-soil Canada, seeking to halt the flow of runaway slaves to the North.

Question 48

Seventh of March Speech

Answer 48

Daniel Webster's address of urging North to support of the Compromise of 1850, topography and climate would keep slavery from being entrenched in Mexican Cession Territory and urged Northerners to make all reasonable concessions to prevent disunion

Question 49

Compromise of 1850

Answer 49

Admitted California as a Free State, opened New Mexico and Utah to poplar sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington D.C., introduced a fugitive slave law, widely opposed in both North and South

Question 50

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 50

Passed a part of compromise of 1850, set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves, compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaway slaves

Question 51

Clayton-Bullwer Treaty

Answer 51

signed by Great Britain and the United States, provided that the two nations would jointly protect the neutrality of Central America, that neither power would seek to fortify or exclusively control and future isthmian waterway, later revoked by the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, gave U.S. control of Panama Canal

Question 52

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 52

Secret Franklin Pierce administration proposal to purchase or, that failing, to wrest militarily Cuba from Spain, once leaked, it was quickly abandoned due to vehement opposition from the North

Question 53

Opium War

Answer 53

war between Britain and China over trading rights, particularly Britain's desire to continue selling opium to Chinese traders, resulting trade agreement prompted American to seek similar concessions from the Chinese

Question 54

Treaty of Wanghia

Answer 54

signed by the U.S. and China, it assured the same trading concession granted to other powers, greatly expanding America's trade with the Chinese

Question 55

Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 55

Ended Japan's two-hundred year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing American coaling rights in Japanese ports

Question 56

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 56

Acquired additional Land from Mexico for 10 million to facilitate the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad

Question 57

Kansas Nebraska Act

Answer 57

Proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, thus revoking the 1820 Missouri Compromise, introduced by Stephen Douglas in order to bring Nebraska into the Union and pave the way for the rail road

Question 58

Lewis Cass

Answer 58

veteran of the War of 1812, Democrat, father of popular sovereignty

Question 59

Zachary Taylor

Answer 59

Hero of Buena Vista, Whigs candidate, won the election, fallen under the influence of Seward.

Question 60

Harriet Tubman

Answer 60

conductor of the Underground Railroad, rescued more than 300 slaves

Question 61

Millard Fillmore

Answer 61

passed Compromise of 1850, took over after Taylor died

Question 62

Franklin Pierce

Answer 62

Democratic, drunk, that's about it

Question 63

William Walker

Answer 63

American adventurer, kept trying to take Nicaragua, installed himself president in 1856, legalized slavery, was killed by Hondurans

Question 64

Caleb Cushing

Answer 64

Went to China, to give gifts, signed Treaty of Wanghia, secured trading rights for the U.S.

Question 65

Matthew C. Perry

Answer 65

went into Japan, signed Treaty of Kanagawa, managed to be friends with the Japanese

Question 66

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Answer 66

Harriet Beecher Stowe's widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery, heightened the call for abolition

Question 67

the Impending Crisis of the South

Answer 67

Antislavery tract, written by Hinton R. Helper, arguing that non-slaveholding whites actually suffered most in slave economy

Question 68

New England Emigrant Aid Company

Answer 68

Organization created to facilitate the migration of free laborers to Kansas in order to prevent the establishment of slavery in the territory

Question 69

Lecompton Constitution

Answer 69

Proposed Kansas constitution whose ratification was unfairly rigged so as to guarantee slavery in the territory, initially ratified by proslavery forces, it was later voted down when Congress required that the entire constitution be put up for a vote

Question 70

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 70

Civil war in Kansas over the issue of slavery in territory, fought intermittently until 1861, when it merged with the Civil War

Question 71

Dred Scott vs. Stanford

Answer 71

Supreme Court decision that extended federal protection to slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory, slaves were private property

Question 72

Panic of 1857

Answer 72

Financial crash brought on by gold-fueled inflation, over speculation, and excess grain production, raised calls in the North for higher tariffs for free homesteads on western public lands

Question 73

Tariff of 1857

Answer 73

lowered duties on imports in response to a high Treasury surplus and pressure from Southern Farmers

Question 74

Lincoln Douglas Debates

Answer 74

Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas during the U.S. Senate race in Illinois, Douglas won the election but Lincoln gained national prominence and emerged as the leading candidate for the 1860 Republican nomination

Question 75

Freeport Question

Answer 75

Raised during one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates by Abraham Lincoln, who asked whether the Court or the people should decide the future of any slavery in the territories

Question 76

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 76

Declared that since slavery could not exist without laws to protect it, territorial legislature, not the Supreme Court would have the final say on it.

Question 77

Harper's Ferry

Answer 77

Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John Brown in 1859.

Question 78

Constitutional Union Party

Answer 78

Formed by Moderate Whigs and Know-nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis.

Question 79

Confederate States of America

Answer 79

Government established after seven Southern States seceded from the Union, later joined by four more.

Question 80

Crittenden Amendments

Answer 80

Proposed in an attempt to appease the South, the failed Constitutional amendments would have given federal protection for slavery in all territories south of 36, 30 where slavery was supported by popular sovereignty.

Question 81

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 81

Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, which spoke against the horror's of slavery

Question 82

Henry Ward Beecher

Answer 82

Harriet's Brother, helped pay for breech loading Sharps rifles for New England Emigrant Aid Company

Question 83

James Buchanan

Answer 83

Democratic Party, threw support behind Lecompton Constitution

Question 84

Charles Sumner

Answer 84

generally just kind of an asshole, insulted everyone in Senate, condemned proslavery men

Question 85

Preston S. Brooks

Answer 85

approached Sumner on May 22, 1856 and beat the shit out of him with a cane

Question 86

Dred Scott

Answer 86

Slave who sued for his freedom, turns out he's a slave so he can't sue anyways

Question 87

Roger B. Taney

Answer 87

Chief Justice who said slaves were private property, and that Dred Scott wasn't a human.