Chapter 31-35

Question 1

Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 1

1917 political take over of Communists lead by Lenin, over the Csar

Question 2

Red Scare

Answer 2

1919-1920 scare that resulted in questioning the loyalty of left-wingers whether they were communists.

Question 3

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

Answer 3

the Fighting Quaker, rounded up 6,000 people in question

Question 4

Criminal Syndicalism Laws

Answer 4

Laws passed in 1920 which reflected the fears of the American Citizens, outlawed advocating violence to get social change, denied 5 social members of New York Legislation seats, critics said that words were not causing any problems

Question 5

American Plan

Answer 5

Labors call for “closed” or all union denounced at Sovietism in disguise, employers in turn hailed their own antiunion campaign for the “open” shop.

Question 6

Nicola Sacco/Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Answer 6

victim of anti-foreginism, shoe factory worker and fish peddler, who were convicted of killing a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard, jury and judge were prejudice because they were Italian anarchists, atheists and draft dodgers.

Question 7

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Answer 7

Newcomers from Europe were restricted in any given year to a definite quota which was 3 percent of the people of their nationality living in the US in 1910

Question 8

Immigration Act of 1924

Answer 8

cut the quota for foreigners to 2 percent, Southern Europeans really did not like this, led to American hatred in Japan and Europe, Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt, marked the age of mass immigration, opposed by cultural pluralists who believed enough cultural diversity would get rid of racial differences.

Question 9

Prohibition Experiment

Answer 9

didn’t work, lots of corruption, prohibition only got worse

Question 10

Volstead Act

Answer 10

federal act enforcing the 18th amendment more

Question 11

Racketeers

Answer 11

invaded ranks of local labor unions as organizers or promoters, extorted people under the threat of breaking their stuff

Question 12

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

Answer 12

1925 case in Tennessee, where John T. Scopes was indicted for teaching evolution, prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan who got humiliated by Clarence Darrow, Scopes was convicted anyways

Question 13

Henry Ford

Answer 13

industrial wizard in terms of developing cars, created the Model T, grasped and applied the technique of moving assembly line, flooded the market with his cars

Question 14

United Negro Improvement Association

Answer 14

founded by Marcus Garvey, promoted the resettlement to the African homeland, wanted to keep money that blacks made with the blacks, inspired 4 million followers, but overall a pretty poorly thought out plan

Question 15

H.L.Mencken

Answer 15

the”Bad Boy of Baltimore”, wrote American Mercury, assailed marriage, patriotism, democracy, Rotarians, middle class America, the south, the French, do-gooders

Question 16

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Answer 16

wrote This Side of Paradise, and the Great Gatsby, exemplified the Jazz Age

Question 17

Theodore Dreiser

Answer 17

wrote American Tragedy, explored pitfalls of social striving

Question 18

Ernest Hemingway

Answer 18

responded to propaganda, told of disillusioned people

Question 19

William Faulkner

Answer 19

wrote fiction books, peeled back layers of time and souls

Question 20

T.S. Elliot

Answer 20

wrote the Wasteland

Question 21

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 21

the pact of Paris, ratified 62 nations, signed by Calvin Coolidge, secretary of state Frank Kellogg, defensive war was permitted, pretty much a useless Treaty

Question 22

Fordney-McCumber Tariff LAW

Answer 22

boost 27 percent under the Underwood Tariff, boosted it to 38.5% wanted to protect domestic production from foreign competitors, caused Europe to raise its own tax protections

Question 23

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 23

involved priceless naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome and Elk Hills, implicated Secretary of the Interior, Harding signed Fall’s orders tansfer properties to the interior department, Fall leased the lands to two other people for a bribe, polluted prestige of the government, undermined faith in courts, “you can’t put a million dollars in jail”.

Question 24

McNary-Haugen Bill

Answer 24

wanted to keep agricultural prices high by telling goods abroad, any losses would be made up by a tax on the farmers, Coolidge vetoed it even though congress passed it twice, farm prices stayed down

Question 25

Dawes Plan

Answer 25

created by Charles Dawes, allowed money to be lent to Germany, and vice versa, the money would go from the U.S. to German, who would use that money to pay back Britain and France, who would pay off the war debts to the USA

Question 26

Agricultural Marketing Act

Answer 26

activated in June 1929, wanted to help the farmers help themselves, set up the Federal Farm Board, money was lent to farm corporation that were suffocated by a mass avalanche with dropped prices

Question 27

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Answer 27

trying to protect the farmers at first, had a ton of amendments to it, turned into the highest tariff ever at 60 percent, seemed like a declaration of economic warfare, sunk everyone into a depression

Question 28

Hooversville

Answer 28

really shitty towns of poor people who lived in horrible conditions and begged for money

Question 29

Reconstruction Finance Corporation - HOOVER

Answer 29

government lending bank, was supposed to provide relief to banks, companies, railroads, no loans to the individual, beneficial, but far too late

Question 30

Borris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

Answer 30

outlawed antiunion contracts and forbade federal courts to issue injunctions to restrain strikes, boycotts and peaceful picketing

Question 31

Bonus Army

Answer 31

a bunch of rioters who wanted rights for the veterans, MacArthur reoved them because things got a little bit out of hand

Question 32

Emergency Banking Relief Act (Banking)

Answer 32

invested the President with the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks

Question 33

Civillian Conservation Corps (Unemployment)

Answer 33

CCC one of the most popular pasrts of the New Deal, provided employment in fresh air government camps for about 3 million uniformed young men, they got set to work doing reforestation, firefighting, flood control, swamp drainage, sent home the pay, both human and natural resources were conserved

Question 34

Federal Emergency Relief Act (Unemployment)

Answer 34

FERA focused on immédiate relief rather than long-range recovery, lead by Harry L. Hopkins who granted 3 billion to state for direct dole payments for wages on work projects

Question 35

Civil Works Administration (Unemployment) CWA

Answer 35

Branch of FERA, designed purely to provide temporary jobs during the winter, tons of people were put to useless tasks

Question 36

Agricultural Adjustment Act (Farming)

Answer 36

AAA made available millions of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages, establish parity prices for basic commodities, eliminate price-depressing surpluses by paying farmers to reduce crop acreage, just a big waste of needed crops and food (Later Declared Unconstitutional)

Question 37

Tennesse Valley Authority (Unemployment) TVA

Answer 37

determine to discover precisely how much the production and distribution of electricity costs so a yardstick could be set up totes the fairness of rates charged by private companies, companies claimed the low cost of TVA power was because of lack of taxes and some other bullshit, but still, people were happy because it brought employment

Question 38

Home Owner's Loan Corporation (Debt/Banking) HOLC

Answer 38

designed to finance mortgages on nonfarm houses, assisted in a million badly pinched households, bailed out mortgage holding banks, also bolted political loyalties of relieved middle-class homeowners securely to the democrats

Question 39

National Industrial Recovery Act NIRA

Answer 39

set up the NRA, created codes for fair competition, lowered labor hours, minimum wage, anti-labor contracts not allowed, restrictions on Child Labor.

Question 40

Public Works Administration (Unemployment) PWA

Answer 40

focused on long term recovery, headed by Harold Ickes, over 4 billion spent on projects like buildings and highways, created a dam that helped irrigation on the Columbia river during WW2

Question 41

Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act (Banking)

Answer 41

provided for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured individual deposits up to $5,000, ended the massive streak of bank failures

Question 42

Federal Housing Act (Homeowners) FHA

Answer 42

the building industry was to be stimulated by small loans to householders, to improve dwellings and complete new houses, very popular

Question 43

Securities and Exchange Commission (Money Stability) SEC

Answer 43

designed as a watchdog administrative agency, stock markets henceforth were more likely to act like trading marts rather than casinos

Question 44

Resettlement Administration (Debt)

Answer 44

moved all of the farmers who weren't doing anything with themselves to potentially better land where they could get work

Question 45

Works Progress Administration (Unemployment) WPA

Answer 45

tried to start employment on useful projects, launched by Hopkins spent 11 billion on public buildings, bridges, and hard surfaced roads, also funded things artists to paint public murals

Question 46

Wagner Act: National Labor Relations Board (Labor) NLRB

Answer 46

led by Robert F. Wagner, created a board reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain through representatives, inspired the creation of unions, led to the creation of the CIO

Question 47

Social Security Act (Pensions/Unemployment)

Answer 47

(Pensions/Unemployment) attacked the old age pensions and unemployment insurance, specified categories of workers would get payments from Washington, provisions also were made for the handicapped, opposed by Hoover

Question 48

Soil Conservation Act (Farmers)

Answer 48

farmers were paid more money to plant soil conserving plants in order to maintain as much open land as possible

Question 49

Fair Labor Standards Act (Labor) FLSA

Answer 49

Industries involved in interstate commerce were to set up minimum-wage and maximum hour levels, eventual goal was 40 cents an hours and a 40 hour week, child support was banned

Question 50

Frazier-Lewike Farm Bankruptcy Act (Farmers/Debt)

Answer 50

suspension on the foreclosure of farms for roughly five years

Question 51

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 51

Combined immediate relief with long term recovery, individual industries were to work out codes of fair competition under which hours of labor would be reduced so that employment could be spread out more, min and max set on the hours, workers given the right to organize and bargain, too much self sacrifice expected

Question 52

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 52

broadcasted on the radio against the New Deal, eventually he got ignored because he would start ranting about how much he hastes Jews and the way he scammed people

Question 53

Francis E. Townsend

Answer 53

a California physician who promised everyone over $200, and Huey P. Long a senator from Louisianna who publicized making every man a king, every family would receive 5,000 dollars, he was also a scammer

Question 54

Dust Bowl

Answer 54

following a huge drought, sun was darkened by topsoil turn up by the winds, stretched from Colorado to Mississippi, led to the mass migration to California

Question 55

Committee/Congress of Industrial Organizations

Answer 55

led by John L. Lewis, created it within the ranks of the AFL, people weren't very nice at first because the workers weren't skilled, moved away from the AFL. went to the auto industry and went on strike until they recognized as the sole bargaining agency for its employees, broke with the AFL completely

Question 56

Court Packing Plan

Answer 56

expanded the Supreme Court, FDR was vilified as a dictator, tried to add a new justice for every old one that would not retire, overcome the objections to the New Deal

Question 57

London Economic Conference

Answer 57

met in the summer of 19333, showed how Roosevelts' foreign policy was subordinated to his strategy for domestic economic recovery, hoped to organized a coordinated international attack on the depression, tried to reinstate exchange rate. Wanted to use inflation to stimulate American economy.

Question 58

Recipricocal Trade Agreements Act

Answer 58

signed in 1934, designed in part to lift American export trade from the depression, aimed at both relief and recover, avoided the uncertainties of a wholesale tariff revision, whittled down and amended the Hawley Soot law, lowered existing tax rated by 50%, provided that the other countries would reduce the same amount, reversed the traditional high protective tariff policy

Question 59

Rome-Berlin Axis

Answer 59

Hitler removed himself from League of Nations in 1933, Mussolini and Hitler allied themselves, Japan, Italy, and Germany eventually joined together in the Tripartite Pact

Question 60

Storm Cellar Isolationism

Answer 60

Super-Isolationsim. Philosophy that didn't work in WW2 era

Question 61

Johnson Debt Default Act

Answer 61

prevented debt dodging nations from borrowing further in the U.S., followed the US idea that isolationism was a good idea, and that entering WW1 was a terrible idea

Question 62

Nautrality Acts of 1935-7

Answer 62

stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restriction would go int effect, no American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell, or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans

Question 63

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Answer 63

buncha Americans that went and fought the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, of their own accord

Question 64

Neutrality Act of 1939

Answer 64

provided that the European democracies could buy American war materials, on a "Cash-and-Carry" basis, which meant they would have to pay with cash, then use their own ships to transport the goods, thus avoided loans, war debts, and the destruction of American ships, Roosevelt then proclaimed danger zones that American ships could not enter

Question 65

Lend-Lease Bill

Answer 65

U.S. lents nations arms, and military vehicles, countries would return supplies after the war

Question 66

Atlantic Chart

Answer 66

8 point program created by FDR and Churchill, outlined the Western World's democratic ideals.

Question 67

Wendell L. Wilkie

Answer 67

ran in the election of 1940 against FDR, gave over500 speeches, FDR broke the two term tradition, claimed he was not sending the people, FDR won

Question 68

ABC-1 Agreements

Answer 68

strategy devised with Britain that adopted the strategy of getting Germany first, where all the Allied forces would join together and defeat Germany, than attack Japan, send just enough to keep Japan from digging in too deep.

Question 69

Executive Order No. 9066

Answer 69

forced Japanese into concentration camps, deprived Japanese Americans of their rights. U.S. government tried to later apologized by offering $20,000 in reparations

Question 70

War Production Board

Answer 70

orchestrated massive military orders, instantly soaked up remaining unemployment left over from the Great Depression, created bullets, tanks, aircrafts, ships, tanks, machine guns, halted the manufacture of cars

Question 71

Office of Price Administration

Answer 71

full employment and scarce consumer goods created a huge surge, this office brought down prices under control with regulations, rationing certain goods

Question 72

National War Labor Board

Answer 72

imposed ceilings on wage increases, labor unions grew a ton, but despite no strike laws, walkouts were a huge issue

Question 73

Smith-Connally Anti Strike Act

Answer 73

passed in June 1943 due to threats of lost production through strikes, authorized federal government to seize and operate tied-up industries, strikes were made a criminal offense, under this act, Washington took over the mines, and the railroads.

Question 74

Women at War

Answer 74

employed hundreds of thousands of women for the first time in non-combat duties (WAACS, WAVES, SPARs)

Question 75

Bracero Program

Answer 75

the draft left the farms and factories in need of workers, this program brought in Mexican workers

Question 76

Island Hopping

Answer 76

Ignored fortified Japanese posts, captured nearby islands, set up airfields around them, cut off supplies and bomb the crap out of the islands.

Question 77

Leyte Gulf

Answer 77

MacArthur took 600 ships and 250,000 men and had a huge battle at Leyte Gulf, won all three skirmishes, let him control the Pafcific

Question 78

Okinawa

Answer 78

well defended base close to the main islands, fighting went on for months, killed 50,000 Americans, Kamikazes

Question 79

Soft Underbelly Strategy

Answer 79

British military planners who wanted to attack Hitler through the Mediteraanean

Question 80

Battle of North Africa

Answer 80

led by Dwigh Eisenhower, led a force of 400,000 men and 850 ships, trapped German Italian army in Tunisia

Question 81

Casablanca

Answer 81

Where FDR and Churchill met, decided to step up the Pacific War, invade Sicily, increase pressure on Italy and insist upon unconditional surrender.

Question 82

D-Day

Answer 82

June 6, 1944, Germans were expecting a blow farther north than French Normandy, came from the ocean, charged the beaches, managed to breakthrough and liberate Paris in August 1944

Question 83

V-E Day

Answer 83

May7, 1945, German government surrender unconditionally known as Victory in Europe day

Question 84

Potsdam Conference

Answer 84

Truman met with Stalin and Britain's leader, made the ultimatum "surrender or die"

Question 85

V-J Day

Answer 85

September 2, 1945, Victory in Japan Day, Day the Japanese surrendered.