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Chapter 9-12 test Flashcards

1
Q

Society of Cincinnati

A

Continental army officers, very pretentious, looked down upon

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2
Q

Disestablished

A

The Anglican Church fell, tainted by the association with the British Crown, reformed as the Episcopal Church

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3
Q

Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom

A

passed by Thomas Jefferson, which ended final struggle between religion and government in Virginia

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4
Q

Civic Virtue

A

democracy depended on virtue and commitment from citizens

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5
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

Shortly before independence in1776, Congress appointed a committee to draft a written constitution for new nation

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6
Q

Old Northwest

A

area of land northwest of the Ohio River, east of Mississippi River and south of Great Lakes

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7
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Old Northwest was divided into grid-townships system, land was to be surveyed and sold, was used to help pay off national debt

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8
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

dealt with governing populating lands of the northwest .two evolutionary stages to a territory’s government
territory is subordinate to federal government, one population reaches 60,000, it is considered a state

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9
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A 
War veteran / poor farmer, rebelled with other war veterans / poor farmers who lost farms due to mortgage foreclosures
demanded:
state issues paper money
lighten taxes
suspend property takeovers .
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10
Q

How was Shay’s Rebellion Handled?

A

Massachusetts raised an army, crushed rebellion, conservatives didn’t want “mobocracy”

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11
Q

Virginia Plan

A

scrap the Articles of Confederation, represent both houses of Congress should be based on population, giving larger states an advantage

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12
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

provided equal representation in a single Congress by states, regardless of size and population, as under the existing Articles of Confederation

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13
Q

Great Compromise

A

House of Representatives would be population based, Senate would have equal representatives from all states (two).

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14
Q

Common Law

A

Anglo-American legal tradition, shorter constitution

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15
Q

Civil Law

A

traditions prevailed; constitutions took the form of elaborate legal codes, super long constitution.

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16
Q

Three fifths compromise

A

slaves’ votes were counted as three fifths of a white voter. compromise was disliked in the north, it favored the south

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17
Q

Anti federalists

A

opposed federal government, denounced dropping of annual election for congressional representatives, the erecting of a federal stronghold, a standing army, omission of any reference to god, and the procedure of ratifying with only 2/3s of states, supported by Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, wanted states rights, supported in general by lower class

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18
Q

Federalists

A

favored federal government, supported by George Washington, Ben Franklin, members were richer, better organized who controlled the press

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19
Q

“The Federalist”

A

John Jay and James Madison created widely sold book and newspaper advocating federalist perspectives

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20
Q

Lord Shetfield

A

argued persuasively in a widely sold pamphlet that Britain would win back America’s Trade, so they should not negotiate with America

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21
Q

Daniel Shay’s

A

war veteran / farmer who started Shays Rebellion

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22
Q

Patrick Henry

A

champion of States rights, did not go to constitution committee because he was paranoid

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23
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First ten amendments to the Constitution, protected civil liberties, promoted central government

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24
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

organized the Supreme Court, with a chief justice and five associates as well as the federal district and circuit courts, John Jay first chief justice

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25
Funding at Par
federal government would pay off the debts at face value plus the accumulated interest, Congress passed the measure in 1790
26
Assumption
the national government picked up all the states debts, tried to tie the states closer as a nation, made states with high debts happy, made states with low debts mad
27
Tariff
imposing taxes of about 8 percent on the value of dutiable imports, passed by congress in 1789
28
Excise Tax
1791, taxed whiskey which was a staple back then
29
Bank of United States
advocated by Alexander Hamilton, federal government would own one fifth, the rest was open to public sale
30
Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania in 1794, made many farmers mad at the tax on the commodity
31
How was the Whiskey Rebellion handled?
Washington gathered militias to put down the rebellion
32
Reign of Terror
Led by Robespierre in France
33
Neutrality Proclamation
Issued in 1793 to stay out of world wars and conflicts, be a neutral provider
34
Battle of Fallen Timbers
1794 General "Mad Anthony" Wayne defeated the Miami Indian Confederacy, British failed to offer Indian protection
35
Treaty of Greenville
August 1795, the Indian confederacy gave up large amounts of Land of the Old Northwest
36
Jay's Treaty
John Jay made Treaty with Britain, Britain promised to evacuate the chain of posts in America, pay for seizures from recent seizures and impressments, America had to pay debts still owed to British merchants on Pre-Revolutionary attacks made a lot of people mad
37
Pinckney's Treaty
1795, Spain feared British-American Alliance, Spain offers America rights to the Mississippi, and other rights to Spanish America
38
Farewell Adress
George Washington's address to the American people as he leave presidency. encouraged no alliances (unless under "extreme circumstances"
39
XYZ Affair
While American envoys were in Paris to discuss diplomacy, three go-betweens demanded huge amounts of money for the Americans to speak to diplomats made many americans mad, Federalists were happy
40
Convention of 1800
Adams avoids war with France by paying damage claims of American Shippers, avoids war with France
41
Alien Laws
president had the power to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace and to imprison them in times of hostilities
42
Sedition Act
act slapped at the rights of freedom of speech and press, president had power to imprison or fine people who wrote or said anything to defame the government
43
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Virginia plans written by James Madison, Kentucky written by Jefferson, said the federal government was a creation of the states, and that the states had the right to say when the federal government had stepped out of line
44
Louis XVI
French king before Napoleon Bonaparte
45
Edmont Genet
Representative from French republic, encouraged people to join French alliance, invade spanish America, was banished from america
46
Little Turtle
Led the Miami Confederacy who defeated Harmar and St. Clair
47
"Mad Anthony" Wayne
won the battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 when he defeated the Miami Confederacy
48
John Jay
Jay's Treaty
49
John Adam
avoided War with France
50
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
Prime Minister of France
51
Revolution of 1800
Referred to Thomas Jefferson being elected, not much of a revolution, Jefferson barely won
52
Patronage
practice rewarding political support with special favors, often in form of public office
53
Judiciary Act of 1801
created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices
54
Midnight Judges
Federalist commissioned judges
55
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case that established the principle of "judicial review" the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality
56
Tripolitan War
Four Year conflict between American navy and African pirates, small gunboats used
57
Louisiana Purchase
bought the entire area for 15 million from the French, French Louisianan's culture and government is kept, and accepted as equal citizenship
58
Corps of Discovery
Lewis and Clark explore northern part of Louisiana territory with help from Sacajawea
59
Orders in Council
closed the European ports under French control to foreign shipping, including American unless they stopped at British ports first
60
Impressment
forcible enlistment of sailors, British took American soldiers
61
Chesapeake Affair
a royal British frigate overhauls a U.S. frigate, British demanded surrender, Americans didn't, Britons open fired and killed some people
62
Embargo Act
forbade the export of all goods from the United States
63
Non-intercourse Act
formally reopened trade with the rest of the world except Britain and France
64
Marcon's Bill No. 2
dismantled the embargo completely with a bargaining measure, either France or Britain repeals their embargoes and the other one is blocked
65
War Hawks
young hot headed people who wanted war with Britain
66
Battle of Tippecanoe
1811 William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory gathers an army and advances on Tecumseh's Headquarters at Tippecanoe Rivers, Natives destroyed
67
Sally Hemings
Jefferson's Slave affair lover
68
Albert Gallatin
"Watchdog of the Treasury", agreed with Jefferson, national debt was bad, didn't follow Hamiltonian economic systems
69
John Marshall
Chief Justice, lifelong Federalist, strength of the federal government
70
Samuel Chase
Supreme Court Justice that Jefferson hated
71
Napoleon Bonaparte
French dictator that sold Louisiana
72
Robert R. Livingston
American minister was in Paris working out Gulf of Mexico at New Orleans, bought all of Louisiana
73
Toussaint L'Ouverture
ex slave and military leader, betrayed by France, led slave rebellion in Haiti and set up the first black government in the New Worlds
74
Meriwether Lewis and Willian Clark
explored Northern Louisiana Purchase
75
Aaron Burr
Jefferson's first vice president, wanted New England and New York to secede, killed Hamilton, became spy for the Spanish, tried to get western Louisians to be bought by the Spanish
76
Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa
the Shawnee brothers, made confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi
77
War of 1812
War between United States and Britain over the issues of trade and impressment, ended in a tie, showed Americas willingness to fight for its beliefs
78
Battle of New Orleans
American Forces lead by Andrew Jackson defeated the British, restores American confidence and nationalism in the war
79
Treaty of Ghent
ended the War of 1812 in a draw, restores prewar borders, did not address initial grievances
80
Hartford Convention
Federalists from New England colonies opposed war, New England state prospered from illegally selling to British during War, wanted congress to financially reimburse them, and wanted a 2/3 vote agreement rule in the congress
81
Rush-Bagot Agreement
signed by Britain and United States, established limits on naval warfare in the great lakes
82
Tariff of 1816
used to protect American goods from being out competed by ridiculously low-priced British goods that were flooding the market
83
American System
Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry, advocated strong federal bank, protective tariff, and federally funded transportation network
84
Era of Good Feelings
Republican rule during James Monroe's presidency, there were still problems with slavery and the national bank / economy.
85
Panic of 1819
Severe financial crisis brought on primarily by the efforts of the federal Bank to curb over speculation on western lands, poor classes severely hit
86
Land Act of 1820
Strengthened te west, authorized buyer to purchase eighty virgin acres at a minimum of 1.25 an acre, many benefits to the west
87
Tallmadge Amendment
failed proposal to prohibit importation of slaves into Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation, Southerners didn't like it, saw it as a threat to "slavery balance"
88
peculiar institution
slavery
89
Missouri Compromise
allowed Missouri to enter Union as a slave state, but carved Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibited slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase North of the 36-30 line
90
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the uNITED sTATES BY ESTABLISHING THEAT THE sTATE of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank
91
loose construction
legal doctrine which holds that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the constitution to carry out its mandated responsibilities
92
Cohens v. Virginia
Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the supreme court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government, Cohen brothers found guilty of selling illegal lottery tickers, states rights proponents mad
93
Gibbons v. Ogden
suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters, ruling reasserted that Congress has the cole power to regulate interstate commerce
94
Fletcher v. Peck
established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the supreme court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the constitution, when Georgia government granted 35 million acres of land
95
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Supreme Court case that sustained Dartmouth University's original royal charter against changes proposed by the New Hampshire state legislature, protecting from domination by state governments
96
Anglo-American Convention
negotiated by James Monroe, signed by British and the United States, pact allowed New England fisherman access to Newfoundland fisheries, established northern Border of Louisiana along the Canadian border, and agreed to share Oregon territory
97
Florida Purchase Treaty
Spain cedes Florida to the United States in exchange for Texas
98
Monroe Doctrine
Statement given by James Monroe warning European powers from seeking any new territories in America,
99
Russo American Treaty
Fixed the 54-40 line as the southernmost boundary to Russian holdings in North America
100
Isaac Brock
British General who led the Natives and the Canadians to defen their land
101
Oliver Hazard Perry
masterfully commanded naval fleet on Lake Erie, against British Canadian Fleets
102
Thomas Macdonough
won a battle at the Lake Camplain Waterway near Pittsburgh, major victory
103
Francis Scott Key
Wrote the star spangled banner while imprisoned and watching the British bombard America
104
George Canning
British Foreign secretary, asked if America would be interested in joint declaration telling other countries to stay away from Latin America

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