chapter 16

Question 0

mirror-image perceptions

Answer 0

mutual views often help by conflicting people. each side sees themselves as ethical and peaceful and the other side as evil and aggressive.

Question 1

conflict

Answer 1

a perceived incompatibility of actions,goals or ideas.

Question 2

reciprocity norm

Answer 2

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

Question 3

social exchange theory

Answer 3

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

Question 4

bystander effect

Answer 4

the tendency to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 5

altruism

Answer 5

the unselfish regard for the welfare if others

Question 6

self-disclosure

Answer 6

revealing intimate aspect of oneself to others.

Question 7

equity

Answer 7

condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

Question 8

companionate love

Answer 8

the deep affectionate attraction we feel for those with whom our lives intertwine.

Question 9

passionate love

Answer 9

an arousal state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

Question 10

mere exposure effect

Answer 10

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Question 11

frustration aggression principle

Answer 11

the principle that frustration( the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal ) creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Question 12

aggression

Answer 12

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

Question 13

just-world phenomenon

Answer 13

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Karma !

Question 14

role

Answer 14

set of explanations about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave.

Question 15

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 15

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Question 16

peripheral route to persuasion

Answer 16

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues like speakers attractiveness.

Question 17

central route to persuasion

Answer 17

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and reaping with favorable thoughts.

Question 18

attitude

Answer 18

feeling often influenced by our beluga that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, peoples, and events.

Question 19

fundamental attribution error

Answer 19

the tendency for observers when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Question 20

attribution theory

Answer 20

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition.

Question 21

social psychology

Answer 21

the scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another.

Question 22

informational social influence

Answer 22

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality.

Question 23

normative social influence

Answer 23

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Question 24

conformity

Answer 24

adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a groups standards.

Question 25

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 25

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

Question 26

social facilitation

Answer 26

stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in presence of others.

Question 27

other-race-effect

Answer 27

the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than the faces of another race.

Question 28

scapegoat theory

Answer 28

the theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Question 29

ingroup bias

Answer 29

the tendency to favor our own group.

Question 30

out group

Answer 30

"them"- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

Question 31

ingroup

Answer 31

"us"- people with whom we share a common identity.

Question 32

discrimination

Answer 32

unjustifiable negative BEHAVIOR toward a group and it's members.

Question 33

stereotype

Answer 33

a generalized BELIEF about a group of people.

Question 34

prejudice

Answer 34

an unjustifiable ATTITUDE toward a group and it's members.

Question 35

group polarization

Answer 35

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

Question 36

deindividuation

Answer 36

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that faster arousal and anonymity.

Question 37

social loafing

Answer 37

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort toward a common goal than when individually accountable.

Question 38

group think

Answer 38

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Question 39

social-responsibility norm

Answer 39

an expectation that people will help those dependent on them.

Question 40

social trap

Answer 40

a situation in which the conflicting parties, each perusing their self-interests, became caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Question 41

role

Answer 41

set of explanations about social position, defining how those in the position should behave.