Chapter 16

Question 1

describe the location of the right and left CCA

Answer 1

right cca branches off the right innominate while the left branches off the aortic arch

Question 2

where does the ICA originate from?

Answer 2

CCA

Question 3

where dos the ICA travel too?

Answer 3

travels into base of skill without branching

Question 4

what are intracranial branches of the ICA?

Answer 4

ophthalmic artery

posterior communicating artery

Question 5

where does the ophthalmic artery orginate from?

Answer 5

near carotid siphon, a significant curve of ICA

Question 6

what does the ICA terminated into?

Answer 6

MCA and ACA

Question 7

is ICA high or low resistanive?

Answer 7

low

Question 8

where does the ECA originate from?

Answer 8

CCA

Question 9

how many branches of the ECA?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

what is the first branch of the ECA?

Answer 10

superior thyroid artery

Question 11

what are the 8 branches of the ECA?

Answer 11

1. superior thyroid
2. lingual
3. facial
4. occiptal
5. posterior aricular
6. maxillary
   6 superficial temporal
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Question 12

is ECA high or low resistive?

Answer 12

high

Question 13

what vessels are part of the posterior circulation?

Answer 13

vertebral and basilar

Question 14

describe the vertebral artery

Answer 14

first branch of the subclavian
right smaller than left
unite after entering skill to form basilar artery

Question 15

describe basilar artery

Answer 15

formed by confluence of vertebral arteries

divided into PCA

Question 16

what is the circle of willis?

Answer 16

a hexagonal arrangement

Question 17

what is included in the circle of willis?

Answer 17

distal ICA, ACA joined together by AComm, PCA joined by the PComm

Question 18

where does the supraorbital artery arise from

/

Answer 18

ophthalmic artery

Question 19

what are some branches of the ophalmic artery?

Answer 19

lacrimal
supraorbital
nasal
frontal

Question 20

how does the supraorbital artery travel?

Answer 20

anteriorly and superioly to the globe; joins EXA via some of its branches (superficial temporal artery)

Question 21

what is the largest intra-arterial connection

Answer 21

circle of willis

Question 22

what are 3 major anastomoses?

Answer 22

1. ECA-ICA connections via orbital and ophthalmic arteries
2. occipital branch of ECA with atlantic branch of verebral
3. deep cervical ascending cervical branches of subclavian to branches of lower vertebral artery

Question 23

what is the bernouli prinicple?

Answer 23

total fluid energy along a streamline of fluid flow is constant

Question 24

what is the relationship between velocity and pressure?

Answer 24

inverse

Question 25

why can pressure gradient occur?

Answer 25

area of flow separation are set up can occur in vessel bc of a geometry chnages with or without intra luminal disease

Question 26

what is poiseuilles law combined with resistance equation?

Answer 26

q= (p) pie r4/ 8nL

Question 27

what is flow directly related too?

Answer 27

P and r4

Question 28

what is flow inversely related to?

Answer 28

n and L

Question 29

what is the relationship between velocity and area?

Answer 29

inverse

Question 30

what are the effects of stenosis on flow chara?

Answer 30

velocity acceleration

blood flow must change direction as the flowstream narrows entering the stenosis and enlarges as it exits.

Question 31

what happens post stenosis?

Answer 31

eddy currents, turbulence and vortices caused by energy loss through inertia