Chapter 16

Question 1

Particles are very close together in an orderly, fixed and usually crystalline arrangement.

Answer 1

Solid

Question 2

An endothermic change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid

Answer 2

Melting

Question 3

The temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid

Answer 3

Melting point

Question 4

Have enough kinetic energy to be able to move past each other easily, take the shape of their container.

Answer 4

Liquid

Question 5

Resistant flowing liquids

Answer 5

Viscous

Question 6

When liquids have attraction for each other

Answer 6

Cohesion

Question 7

Attraction for particles of solid surfaces

Answer 7

Adhesions

Question 8

Tendency to decrease their surface area to the smallest size possible, thereby decreasing their energy.

Answer 8

Surface tension

Question 9

Attractive forces do not have a great effect on particles, which makes the particles independent.

Answer 9

Gas

Question 10

The temperature and pressure at which the number of liquid particles becoming gas particles is the same as the number of gas particles returning to the liquid phase

Answer 10

Boiling point

Question 11

The temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a solid

Answer 11

Freezing point

Question 12

Solid to gas

Answer 12

Sublimation

Question 13

A gas becomes a solid without first becoming a liquid

Answer 13

Deposition

Question 14

A region that has the same composition and properties throughout

Answer 14

Phase

Question 15

When particles are constantly moving between two or more phases, yet no net change in the amount of the substance in either phase occurs

Answer 15

Equilibrium

Question 16

The pressure exerted by the molecules of a gas, or vapor, in equilibrium with a liquid

Answer 16

Vapor pressure

Question 17

A graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and of the substance

Answer 17

Phase diagram

Question 18

The temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium

Answer 18

Triple point

Question 19

Temperature and pressure at which the gas and liquid states of a substance become identical and form one phase

Answer 19

Supercritical fluid

Question 20

Liquid and vapor phrases are indistinguishable

Answer 20

Critical point

Question 21

Why do ionic compounds tend to have higher boiling and melting points?

Answer 21

They’re stronger bonds so they need more heat to break bonds

Question 22

Why do molecular substances with weak intermolecular forces have low melting points?

Answer 22

Need less energy because they’re weak bonds

Question 23

Why do molecular substances with strong intermolecular forces have high melting points?

Answer 23

Takes more energy to break bonds

Question 24

How do dipole-dipole forces affect the melting and boiling points of substances?

Answer 24

Takes more energy to break bonds

Question 25

What forces are involved in hydrogen bonding?

Answer 25

F,O, N

Question 26

What affect does hydrogen bonding have on physical properties of water?

Answer 26

Have a higher boiling point and crystals expand when freezing occurs

Question 27

How can a molecule have a mom entry dipole?

Answer 27

When nonpolar molecules have dipoles that cancel each other out

Question 28

Force of attraction between molecules with momentary dipoles

Answer 28

LDF

Question 29

Explain the role of particle size and shape on the strength of attractive forces

Answer 29

Bigger size = stronger attractive force