Chapter 16 : Blood-Modifying, Antineoplastic, and Immunosuppressant Drugs Flashcards
(45 cards)
Formation of a linkage between a substance and DNA that causes irreversible inhibition of the DNA molecule
Alkylation
Capable of acting in several or all cell cycle phases
Cell cycle-nonspecific
Capable of acting during a specific cell cycle phase only
Cell cycle-specifc
Capable of destroying cells
Cytotoxic
Widespread formation of clots in the microscopic clood vessels of the circulatory system; occurs as a complication of a wide variety of disorders and consumes clotting factors, with resultant bleeding
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
The smooth layer of epithelial cells that line blood vessels
Endothelial layer
A glycoprotein secreted in the kidney; acts on stem cells in the bone marrow to stimulate RBC production
Erythropoeitin
Fibrin breakdown through the action of the enzyme plasmin
Fibrinolysis
A cell culture that consists of a clone of a hybrid cell formed by fusing cells of different types, such as stimulated mouse plasma cells and myeloma cells
Hybridoma
Generally refers to the transfer of cancer cells from one site to another
Metastasis
A malignant neoplasm of plasma cells (B lymphocytes)
Myeloma
Inhibition of bone marrow activity that results in decreased production of blood cells and platelets
Myelosuppression
A decreased number of platelets
Thrombocytopenia
The condition that occurs when thrombus material becomes dislodged and is transported by the bloodstream to another site
Thromboembolism
A clot in the circulatory system
Thrombus
A substance that causes blister formation
Vesicant
Anemia in baby pigs can be treated by the administration of
Iron compounds
A 10-year old cocker spaniel is brought in to the veterinary clinic with PUPD and mild anemia. What is a potential cause of these symptoms and what may be used to treat the anemia?
Chronic renal failure; eryhthropoeitin
Why are hematinics not indicated for cases of acute blood loss?
Because patient response doesn’t occur quickly enough
What is the anticoagulant of choice for hematologic studies?
EDTA
How can you explain the fact that clots may form in the vascular system with no external trauma to blood vessels?
Because of the existance of intrinsic clotting mechanism
What drug would the veterinarian use to treat rat poison exposure and by what route?
Vitamin K; SQ or IM
An 8 year old male feline is brought to the clinic with early onset rear leg paralysis and tachycardia. What agent may be used to treat this condition?
A fibrinolytic agent such as streptokinase
<p>Briefly describe the phases of the cell cycle (5)</p>
<p>1) G0, resting
2) G1, presynthesis preparation
3) S, DNA synthesis
4) G2, RNA production
5) M, mitosis</p>
List the 6 categories of antineoplastic drugs and give an example of each
1) Alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide 2) anthracyclines: doxorubicin 3) antimetabolites: methotrexate 4) antitubulin agents: vinblastine 5) corticosteroids: prednisone 6) miscellaneous agents: cisplatin
List 4 indications for the use of immunosuppressive agents
1) Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2) treatment of lymphocytic–plasmacytic enteritis 3) treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 4) treatment of lupus erythematosus
List 8 precautions that should be taken when antineoplastic drugs are handled
1) Designate a specific location for handling 2) Wear nonpermeable latex gloves when handling 3) Cover work surfaces with a disposable, plastic-backed sheet. 4) Wear an appropriate laboratory coat and mask 5) Reconstitute all materials carefully to avoid aerosolization 6) Clean reconstituted material of any contamination, and properly mark and date it 7) Dispose of contaminated material in leak-proof, puncture-resistant containers 8) Wash hands thoroughly
