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OCE4008 > Chapter 16: Marine Communities > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Marine Communities Flashcards

1
Q

what is a community?

A

group composed of many populations of organisms that interact at a particular location

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2
Q

what is a population?

A

a group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area

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3
Q

where is the largest marine community located?

A

within the uniform mass of permanently dark water between the sunlit surface and the deep bottom

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4
Q

what are communities dependent on?

A

the availability of energy

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5
Q

what is a habitat?

A

an organism’s “address” within its community, its physical location

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6
Q

what is an organism’s niche?

A

an organism’s “occupation” within its habitat, its relationship to food and enemies, an expression of what the organism is doing

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7
Q

what is ecology?

A

the study of the balance of physical and biological factors and of the relationships of organisms and interactions within communities

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8
Q

what is environmental resistance?

A

the sum of the effects of these limiting factors in the environment

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9
Q

what is the carrying capacity?

A

the population size of each species that a community can support indefinitely under a stable set of environmental conditions

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10
Q

what is population density?

A

the number of individuals per unit area (or volume)

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11
Q

what does random distribution mean?

A

implies that the position of one organism in a community in no way influences the position of other organisms in the same community

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12
Q

what is the most common pattern of population distribution?

A

clumped distribution

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13
Q

what is clumped distribution?

A

occurs when conditions for growth are optimal in small areas because of physical protection, nutrient concentration, initial dispersal, or social interaction

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14
Q

what is uniform distribution?

A

occurs when there is equal space between individuals

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15
Q

what is the rarest distribution pattern of them all?

A

uniform distribution

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16
Q

what is a climax community?

A

a stable, long-established community, self-perpetuating aggregation of species. tends not to change unless disrupted by severe external forces

17
Q

what is succession?

A

the orderly changes of a community’s species composition from temporary inhabitants to long-term inhabitants

18
Q

what is the intertidal zone?

A

the band between the highest high tide and lowest low tide

19
Q

what is one of the Earth’s most densely populated areas?

A

the intertidal zone

20
Q

what is wave shock?

A

the powerful force of crashing waves

21
Q

what is dessication?

A

drying out by exposure to air and sunlight

22
Q

what is an estuary?

A

a broad, shallow, river mouth where freshwater and saltwater mix

23
Q

do estuaries have more or less wave shock?

A

less

24
Q

what is brackish water?

A

mixed saltwater and freshwater

25
Q

what are macroplankton?

A

plankton that are larger than about 1 cm

26
Q

what are holoplankton?

A

zooplankton that spend their whole lives in the plankton community

27
Q

what are meroplankton?

A

plankton who are temporary visitors as the juvenile stages of crabs, barnacles, etc.

28
Q

what is one of the ocean’s most important zooplankters?

A

krill

29
Q

where is about 83% of the ocean’s total biomass concentrated?

A

its uppermost 200 meters

30
Q

what is the deep scattering layer (DSL)?

A

a relatively dense aggregate of fishes, squid, and other animals that usually migrate up and down in synchrony with daylight

31
Q

what is symbiosis?

A

the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely interwoven with the life of the other

32
Q

what occurs in mutualism?

A

both the symbiont and the host benefit from the relationship

33
Q

what occurs in commensalism?

A

the symbiont benefits from the association while its host neither benefits nor is harmed

34
Q

what occurs in parasitism?

A

the parasite lives in or on the host for at least part of its life cycle and obtains food at the host’s expense

35
Q

what is the most common type of symbiotic relationship?

A

parasitism

36
Q

what is a species-specific relationship?

A

an exclusive relationship between two species

OCE4008 (19 decks)

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