Chapter 17: Marine Resources

Question 1

do prices often reflect all harmful costs of goods and services to the environment?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

what are physical resources?

Answer 2

result from the deposition, precipitation, or accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or seabed

Question 3

what are marine energy resources?

Answer 3

result from the extraction of energy directly from the heat or motion of ocean water

Question 4

what are biological resources?

Answer 4

living animals and plants collected for human use and animal feed

Question 5

what are nonextractive resources?

Answer 5

uses of the ocean in place

Question 6

what are renewable resources?

Answer 6

resources that are naturally replaced by the growth of marine organisms or by natural physical processes

Question 7

what are nonrenewable resources?

Answer 7

resources that are present in the ocean in fixed amounts and that cannot be replenished over time spans as short as human lifetimes

Question 8

what are examples of physical resources from the ocean?

Answer 8

hydrocarbon deposits, mineral deposits, salts, manganese nodules, phosphorites, metallic sulfides, freshwater

Question 9

the United States alone consumes over ___ of the global oil supply

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

what is the largest known reservoir of hydrocarbons?

Answer 10

methane hydrate

Question 11

what is fracking?

Answer 11

hydraulic fracturing

uses a pressurized injection of water, sand, and chemicals into existing oil wells to fracture the rock and enhance the productivity of the well by increasing the amount of oil and natural gas that can be recovered

Question 12

about __ of the world’s table salt is currently produced from seawater by evaporation

Answer 12

1/3

Question 13

what is potable water?

Answer 13

water suitable for drinking

Question 14

what is desalination?

Answer 14

the separation of pure water from seawater

Question 15

about 60% of freshwater is produced how?

Answer 15

reverse osmosis

Question 16

what is the fastest-growing alternative to oil as an energy source?

Answer 16

wind power

Question 17

what are the most valuable living marine resources?

Answer 17

fish, crustaceans, and molluscs

Question 18

which country is the #1 importer of seafood?

Answer 18

United States

Question 19

what is the maximum sustainable yield?

Answer 19

the maximum amount of each type of fish, crustacean, and mollusc that can be caught without impairing future populations

Question 20

what is overfishing?

Answer 20

fishing in a manner so that so many fish have been harvested that there is not enough breeding stock left to replenish the species

Question 21

what is bycatch?

Answer 21

animals unintentionally killed while collecting desirable organisms

Question 22

what is the most important commercial marine product?

Answer 22

algin

Question 23

what is aquaculture?

Answer 23

the growing or farming of plants and animals in any water environment under controlled conditions

Question 24

where does most aquaculture occur?

Answer 24

China

Question 25

aquaculture production currently accounts for almost ____ of all fish consumed by humans

Answer 25

half

Question 26

what is mariculture?

Answer 26

the farming of marine organisms, usually in estuaries, bays, or nearshore environments or in specially designed structures using circulated seawater

Question 27

modern medical researchers estimate that perhaps ___ of all marine organisms are likely to yield clinically useful ingredients

Answer 27

10%

Question 28

what is the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone?

Answer 28

the United States’ own 200-nautical-mile region in which the states unilaterally claimed sovereign rights and jurisdiction over all marine resources