chapter 16 words not built from word parts

Question 1

congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 1

condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy (wasting away) of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. The disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and short stature

Question 2

addison disease

Answer 2

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. signs and symptoms may include weakness, weight loss, hypertension, darkening of skin, and loss of appetite

Question 3

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 3

result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and water being excreted from the body

Question 3

cushing syndrome

Answer 3

groups of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices. this syndrome may be the result of a pituitary tumor that produces ACTH or a primary adrenal cortex hypersecretion. signs include abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, buffalo hump, and wasating away of muscle, and hypertension

Question 4

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 4

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under activity of the insulin producing islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia). DM can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. in extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma

Question 5

gigantism

Answer 5

condition brought about by hyper secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty

Question 6

graves disease

Answer 6

autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the production of more thyroid hormone than the body needs (hyperthyroidism), goiter, and exophthalamos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs)

Question 7

hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 7

disease in which thyroid gland cells are destroyed by autoimmune processes. characterized by hypothyroidism and goiter; more common in females

Question 8

ketoacidosis

Answer 8

serious condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in which acid ketones accumulate from fat metabolism in the absence of adequate insulin. if not promptly controlled by adequate insulin and hydration, can progress to coma and death

Question 9

metabolic syndrome

Answer 9

group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the area of the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of the good cholesterol HDL. Risks include development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, or stroke (also called syndrome x and insulin resistance syndrome)

Question 10

myxedema

Answer 10

condition resulting from an extreme deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. signs include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech and anemia

Question 11

neuroblastoma

Answer 11

malignant cancer that often starts in the adrenal medulla, compose of immature nerve cells. primarily affects children

Question 12

pheochromocytoma

Answer 12

tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually non-malignant and characterized by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abdominal pain. surgical removal of the tumor is the most common treatment. though usually curable with early detection, it can be fatal untreated

Question 13

thyrotoxicosis

Answer 13

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones