Chapter 16B (the ear)

Question 1

The innermost networks the ear is the__

Answer 1

membranous labyrinth.

Question 2

The __ is a membranous labyrinth wrapped in a bony labyrinth.

Answer 2

cochlea

Question 3

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain __

Answer 3

perilymph

Question 4

the scala media contains __

Answer 4

endolymph.

Question 5

Supporting cells are found in the __

Answer 5

basilar membrane.

Question 6

Inner and outer hair cells are what modality

Answer 6

mechanoreceptors.

Question 7

what stimulates a mechanoreceptor

Answer 7

movement

Question 8

The hair is embedded in the __ so anytime there are vibrations it causes the hairs to be compressed into the ___ which is enough to__ and activate them.

Answer 8

tectorial membrane, depolarize

Question 9

The __ cells are the most sensitive and the __ cells help define things like the loudness of a noise.

Answer 9

inner hair, outer hair

Question 10

In order, the names of the ossicles are the__

Answer 10

malleus, incus, stapes.

Question 11

__ pitch sounds cross the cochlear duct first.

Answer 11

Higher

Question 12

For hearing in the labyrinth only the __was used, but for equilibrium and balance we incorporate the ___

Answer 12

cochlea, utricle, saccule, ampulla, and semicircular ducts.

Question 13

The membranous regions in the vestibule are the __

Answer 13

saccule and the utricle

Question 14

inside the saccule and the utricle there is a mechanoreceptor called __

Answer 14

macula.

Question 15

__ occurs because of an inbalance in the vestibule

Answer 15

Vertigo

Question 16

__ is for linear acceleration but __is for dynamic equilibrium or angular forces.

Answer 16

Macula, ampulla

Question 17

The __ ear and __ear are involved with hearing

Answer 17

external, middle

Question 18

The __functions in both hearing and equilibrium.

Answer 18

internal ear (labyrinth)

Question 19

Stimuli are eventually transmitted to the brain via the __

Answer 19

vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 20

The auricle (pinna) directs sound waves into the __

Answer 20

external acoustic meatus.

Question 21

The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a short, curved tube that is lined with__

Answer 21

skin bearing hairs, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands.

Question 22

___is a connective tissue boundary between external and middle ears.

Answer 22

The tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 23

The sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate and transfer vibrations to the ___of the middle ear.

Answer 23

ossicles

Question 24

The middle ear is a small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the __

Answer 24

temporal bone.

Question 25

The middle ear includes the __

Answer 25

malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question 26

the malleus, incus, and stapes transmit vibratory motion of the eardrum to the

Answer 26

oval window

Question 27

Tympanic reflex is when__

Answer 27

a loud noise causes tensor tympani and stapedius muscles to contract reflexively to prevent damage to the hearing receptors.

Question 28

The pharyngotympanic tube connects the __ to the __and __

Answer 28

middle ear, nasopharynx, equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity.

Question 29

__is inflammation of the inner ear.

Answer 29

Otitis media

Question 30

In the internal ear, the bony labyrinth of channels is formed by the __

Answer 30

temporal bone.

Question 31

The regions of the internal ear are referred to as the __

Answer 31

vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.

Question 32

The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by __ and filled with __ which carry vibrations caused by sound waves and movement.

Answer 32

perilymph, endolymph

Question 33

The cochlea is part of the___and coils around a section of spongy bone called the __

Answer 33

bony labyrinth, modiolus.

Question 34

The cochlear duct contains __

Answer 34

endolymph

Question 35

Motor neurons from the __can stimulate outer hair cells to shorten causing the basilar membrane to become less mobile. Which will cause what

Answer 35

pons, This will cause the cochlea to respond to more specific pitch frequencies.

Question 36

__ is the ringing or clicking in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli.

Answer 36

Tinnitus

Question 37

what is the cause of tinnitus

Answer 37

due to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of the middle or internal ears, or side effects of aspirin.

Question 38

___ syndrome is when a labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals. This causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.

Answer 38

Meniere’s

Question 39

__ is blocked sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear. What causes this?

Answer 39

Conduction of deafness, It can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of the ossicles.

Question 40

__ deafness is the damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells.

Answer 40

Sensorineural

Question 41

The vestibule is a component of the__labyrinth

Answer 41

bony

Question 42

The semicircular canals are a component of the__ labyrinth and contain the membranous semicircular ducts.

Answer 42

bony

Question 43

The semicircular ducts are surrounded by__ and are filled with __

Answer 43

perilymph, endolymph

Question 44

The ampulla at the base of each semicircular duct contain a receptor region called the __

Answer 44

crista ampullaris

Question 45

The crista ampullaris monitors what

Answer 45

the dynamic equilibrium-angular acceleration forces; rotation.

Question 46

Fibers from the vestibular nerve run to the ___ and the __

Answer 46

pons, medulla oblongata