Lecture exam 5 chapter 14

Question 1

All the diencephalon is composed of __while most other regions are composed of both gray and white matter.

Answer 1

gray matter

Question 2

The brain stem has ___ in the middle surrounded by tracts of __

Answer 2

gray matter, white matter

Question 3

the __contains nuclei for ten out of the twelve cranial nerves.

Answer 3

brain stem

Question 4

what are some functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 4

cardiac and vasomotor (constriction and dilation of blood vessels) (regulates heart rate and force and blood pressure) center of the brain, regulates burping and vomiting

Question 5

where does 90% of decussation occur

Answer 5

in the medulla

Question 6

The ___helps the medulla to regulate respiration, vomiting, and posture. It also helps connect your senses. It helps dictate motor control like chewing, eye movement, urination, and lacrimal glands.

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

where is the location fo the corpora quadrigemina

Answer 7

the midbrain

Question 8

the corpora quadrigemina is composed of two ___, the superior___ and inferior ___

Answer 8

nuclei, colliculi, colliculi

Question 9

what doe the colliculi do

Answer 9

integrate sensory input and auditory input so you can match up what you see with what you hear. That’s why you’ll look towards what you hear.

Question 10

where can melanin be found in the brain

Answer 10

in the substatia nigra

Question 11

where is the motor control for dopamine found

Answer 11

in the substantia nigra

Question 12

Whenever dopamine and substantia nigra are deficient in production that’s what gives rise to

Answer 12

parkinson’s.

Question 13

The ___ are where the oculomotor nerves arise from and are bundles of fibers that connect things.

Answer 13

cerebral peduncles

Question 14

A___ connects fibers to the cerebrum.

Answer 14

cerebral peduncle

Question 15

The cerebellar peduncles allow communication between___, ___, and the ___

Answer 15

brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum

Question 16

The median junction between the right and left hemispheres is the

Answer 16

vermis.

Question 17

The number one function of the cerebellum is __ and gives basic understanding of __ and __

Answer 17

balance, time, basic cognition

Question 18

__is the awareness of position

Answer 18

Proprioception

Question 19

___plans out all of your movements

Answer 19

The primary motor cortex

Question 20

The diencephalon consists of the __

Answer 20

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and the mamillary bodies

Question 21

The ___ is the relay center

Answer 21

thalamus

Question 22

the ___ is important for regulating movement, learning and memory

Answer 22

thalamus

Question 23

The ___nucleus plays a big role in animals that hibernate

Answer 23

suprachiasmatic

Question 24

what are the five lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 24

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula.

Question 25

the ___ divides the frontal and parietal lobe

Answer 25

central sulcus

Question 26

___is how the two cerebral hemispheres have distinct functions.

Answer 26

Cerebral lateralization

Question 27

___is the outer region of the cerebrum, it is gray matter, and is only 6 cell layers thick of interneurons.

Answer 27

The cerebral cortex

Question 28

The__ is the largest example of a white matter tract.

Answer 28

corpus callosum

Question 29

A __is a bundle of axons in the CNS, cerebrum, and spinal cord

Answer 29

tract

Question 30

A nerve is a collection of __ in the __

Answer 30

axons,PNS

Question 31

__ are found in the posterior root ganglion and is a collection of cell bodies in the PNS.

Answer 31

Ganglion

Question 32

A __ is a collection of cell bodies in the CNS.

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

The __ tract relays signals from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

Answer 33

projection

Question 34

An example of a projection tract is the __ tract.

Answer 34

corticospinal

Question 35

All tracts are

Answer 35

white matter

Question 36

Sensory function is found ___ to the central sulcus so is the __ cortex.

Answer 36

posterior, primary somatosensory

Question 37

the primary somatosensory does what

Answer 37

provides conscious contralateral spatial discrimination and location of sensation.

Question 38

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___

Answer 38

postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

Question 39

The primary motor cortex is found in the

Answer 39

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 40

The premotor cortex is important for

Answer 40

pattern movements

Question 41

The basal nuclei is the part of the brain that becomes affected during

Answer 41

parkinson’s.

Question 42

Substantia nigra releases

Answer 42

dopamine.

Question 43

The __ is responsible for receiving proprioception so you can plan voluntary movements.

Answer 43

cerebellum

Question 44

The primary motor cortex executes

Answer 44

contralateral voluntary muscle control.

Question 45

The premotor cortex is responsible for___and is part of the ___

Answer 45

programming voluntary and repetitive movements , primary motor cortex.

Question 46

The ___ plans the timing of repetitive movements.

Answer 46

basal nuclei

Question 47

___controls the muscles for speech. When this area is damaged you know what you want to say but can’t say it.

Answer 47

Broca’s

Question 48

___ is responsible for understanding written and spoken language. When it’s damaged you can’t understand what someone is telling you or when they read. You can speak but it won’t make sense. Also has a hard time recognizing faces

Answer 48

The wernicke’s area

Question 49

Cognition and personality are tied to the

Answer 49

prefrontal cortex.

Question 50

___is the ability to make new memories.

Answer 50

anterograde

Question 51

___ is the inability to store new memories

Answer 51

Antergograde amnesia

Question 52

___is the inability to recall memories that existed before an injury.

Answer 52

retrograde amnesia

Question 53

the ___ helps sort all the stimuli that help make memories into short term memories

Answer 53

hippocampus

Question 54

___ plays a role in memory as neurotransmitter.

Answer 54

ACh

Question 55

Damage to the___ can cause amnesia.

Answer 55

hippocampus

Question 56

can Mitosis of neurons occur in the hippocampus

Answer 56

yes

Question 57

___neurons are the kinds of neurons that release ACh.

Answer 57

Cholinergic

Question 58

A shortage of ___ is associated with Alzheimer’s. It is associated with the death of cholinergic neurons.

Answer 58

ACh

Question 59

When someone is brain dead they exhibit __waves.

Answer 59

delta

Question 60

The effects of most cranial nerves are ipsilateral but the ___ and __ are contralateral.

Answer 60

optic and trochlear

Question 61

__ is the partial or total loss of smell.

Answer 61

Anosmia

Question 62

___ is a visual defect of some sort.

Answer 62

Anopsia

Question 63

The ___ rotates the eye laterally

Answer 63

external strabismus

Question 64

__ is droopy eyelid

Answer 64

Ptosis

Question 65

___ is when the eye rotates medially at rest

Answer 65

Internal strabismus

Question 66

__is often caused by the herpes simplex virus which causes paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side, the lower eyelid droops, mouth sags, and tears drip continuously from the eye.

Answer 66

Bell’s palsy

Question 67

what are the five parts of the facial nerve

Answer 67

cervical, mandibular, buccal, zygomatic, and temporal.

Question 68

the brainstem includes the

Answer 68

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 69

what are the functions of the medulla oblongata

Answer 69

1. Cardiac and vasomotor centers to regulate heart rate and blood pressure 2. Medulla oblongata and the pons contain respiratory centers to regulate breathing rate and depth. 3. Decussation of most cortisol tracts 4. And regulation of blood pressure, respiration, speech, chewing, salivation, vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing

Question 70

what are the functions of the pons

Answer 70

1. Contains nuclei important for helping the medulla regulate respiration, sleep, and posture. 2. Plays sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, taste, and facial sensations due to cranial nerve input. 3. Plays motor roles in eye movement, facial expression, chewing, swallowing, urination, and secretion of saliva and tears due to cranial nerve output.

Question 71

what are the functions of the midbrain

Answer 71

1. Substantia nigra which denotes the presence of dopamine-producing neurons which project to the basal nuclei of the brain degeneration is the ultimate cause of parkinson’s 2. The corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain integrates visual sensory input and auditory sensory input in order to coordinate head movements.