Chapter 17

Question 1

The incident beam is significantly altered as it passes through the patient.
a. True
b. False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The beam emitted from the patient contains diagnostic information.
a. True
b. False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Subject density refers to the impact the patient has on the resulting image receptor exposure.
a. True
b. False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Subject distortion occurs naturally.
a. True
b. False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Accurate patient positioning has very little impact upon subject distortion.
a. True
b. False

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Shape distortion can be the result of a patient’s body habitus.
a. True
b. False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The patient has an impact on all the properties that affect radiographic quality.
a. True
b. False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The relationship between radiographic quality and the patient is termed image receptor exposure.
a. True
b. False

Answer 8

False

Question 9

The relationship between image receptor exposure and the patient is termed subject density.
a. True
b. False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The relationship between radiographic contrast and the patient is termed subject contrast.
a. True
b. False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

X-rays are attenuated
a. exponentially.
b. linearly.
c. based upon the direction of the central ray.
d. as a function of mAs.

Answer 11

exponentially

Question 12

The ____ the body part, the ____ the attenuation.
a. more dense; less
b. thinner; greater
c. thicker; less
d. thicker; greater

Answer 12

thicker; greater

Question 13

Which of the following elements would attenuate a greater percentage of the x-ray beam?
a. hydrogen
b. calcium
c. oxygen
d. carbon

Answer 13

calcium

Question 14

Which of the following elements would attenuate a lesser percentage of the x-ray beam?
a. phosphorus
b. barium
c. iron
d. carbon

Answer 14

carbon

Question 15

Attenuation is greater for elements with more ____ with which the photons may interact.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. positrons

Answer 15

electrons

Question 16

Bone produces less image receptor ____ because it attenuates the x-ray beam more than soft tissue does.
a. detail
b. contrast
c. exposure
d. distortion

Answer 16

exposure

Question 17

For the same exposure intensity, air produces
a. less exposure intensity to the receptor than other materials.
b. greater exposure intensity to the receptor than other materials.
c. the same exposure intensity to the receptor as other materials.
d. less exposure intensity due to the high degree of photoelectric absorption.

Answer 17

greater exposure intensity to the receptor than other materials

Question 18

Which of the following is the greatest attenuator of the x-ray beam?
a. pneumonic lung
b. pericardial fat
c. psoas muscle
d. perirenal fat

Answer 18

psoas muscle

Question 19

Which of the following is the least attenuator of the x-ray beam?
a. aerated lung
b. pericardial fat
c. psoas muscle
d. perirenal fat

Answer 19

aerated lung

Question 20

As subject density ____, image receptor exposure ____.
a. increases; remains the same
b. decreases; decreases
c. increases; increases
d. increases; decreases

Answer 20

increases; decreases

Question 21

The degree of differential absorption is referred to as
a. material contrast.
b. subject contrast.
c. image receptor exposure.
d. subject density.

Answer 21

subject contrast

Question 22

The recorded detail of a structure is dependent on
a. its position within the body.
b. the placement of the body in relationship to the film.
c. the size of the part.
d. all of the above.

Answer 22

all of the above

Question 23

Distortion is the misrepresentation of the ____ of an object.
a. length
b. width
c. shape
d. all of the above

Answer 23

all of the above

Question 24

The primary source of radiation exposure for occupational personnel is due to
a. Compton scatter.
b. classical scatter.
c. photoelectric effect.
d. coherent scatter.

Answer 24

Compton scatter

Question 25

Because of its tissue composition, the human breast a. is a high subject contrast structure. b. yields a high contrast image. c. is a low subject contrast structure. d. is considered a high-attenuator of x-ray energy.

Answer 25

is a low subject contrast structure

Question 26

With the patient in the posterior–anterior projection of the abdomen (prone), a. renal stones would have high resolution. b. the lumbar vertebrae would have high resolution. c. the psoas muscles would have high resolution. d. the anterior ribs would have high resolution.

Answer 26

the anterior ribs would have high resolution

Question 27

All of the following refer to patient factors contributing to image quality EXCEPT a. receptor contrast. b. subject detail. c. subject contrast. d. tissue density.

Answer 27

receptor contrast

Question 28

With the perfusion of iodinated contrast material into the kidneys, a. a greater degree of Compton scatter is produced from the kidneys. b. the kidneys will demonstrate lower subject contrast. c. a greater degree of photoelectric interactions will occur in the kidneys. d. there is less distinction between kidney structures.

Answer 28

a greater degree of photoelectric interactions will occur in the kidneys

Question 29

All of the following are related EXCEPT a. air. b. barium. c. fat. d. bone.

Answer 29

barium

Question 30

All of the following are true of Compton scatter EXCEPT: a. It contributes no meaningful information the final image. b. Its production increases as tissue density increases. c. It is a significant contributor to occupational radiation exposure. d. It is not a factor of exposure technique selection.

Answer 30

it's production increases as tissue density increases

Question 31

Clinically speaking from a diagnostic viewpoint, the only useful radiation exposure is that radiation a. absorbed in the patient. b. produced from Compton interactions. c. detected by the receptor. d. that traverses through the grid.

Answer 31

detected by the receptor

Question 32

With a patient in the supine position, the anatomical structure that would demonstrate the greatest subject detail would be the a. nasal bones. b. sternum. c. vertebral pedicles. d. spinous processes.

Answer 32

spinous processes

Question 33

All of the following pathological conditions would warrant an increase in exposure EXCEPT: a. anorexia nervosa b. osteopetrosis c. ascites d. bronchiectasis

Answer 33

anoriexia nervosa

Question 34

For most additive pathologies, an increase of _ in kVp, is generally enough to compensate for the added attenuation. a. 5%–15% b. 20%–25% c. 33% d. none of the above

Answer 34

5%-15%

Question 35

When performing a KUB on a patient with ascites, using AEC and the proper detector combination, the responsible radiographer would: a. decrease the kVp to reduce the amount of Compton b. take a scout image using manual techniques, to establish a back-up time for the AEC c. allow the AEC system to adjust the exposure for the patient condition d. immediately increase the AEC sensitivity to +2

Answer 35

allow the AEC system to adjust the exposure for the patient condition