Chapter 17

Question 1

Nervous System Defenses

Answer 1

-Bone ( Skull and vertebrae)
-Blood Brain Barrier (prevents entry of harmful substances)
-CSF (cushions and removes waste)
-Meninges (protective membrane)
-Immune privileges

Question 2

Normal Biota of CNS (Make Up)

Answer 2

None- The CNS is sterile. Any microbes present indicate infection.

Question 3

Immune Privilege Meaning

Answer 3

Some body parts have a weaker immune response to avoid damage from inflammation. The areas are protected but they are harder to fight off infections.

Question 4

Meningitis

Answer 4

Causative Organisms- Neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, viruses and fungi
Symptoms- headache, fever, nausea, stiff neck, sensitivity to light
Impact- Seizures, brain damage or death
Site- Meninges
Transmission- Droplets and close contact
Prevention- vaccines
Treatment- Antibiotics

Question 5

Tetanus

Answer 5

Causative Organisms- Clostridium tetani
Symptoms- lock jaw, spasms, muscle stiffness
Site- Nervous system via toxins
Impact- Bad breathing can be fatal if untreated
Transmission- Wounds contaminated with spores (soils and water)
Treatment- Antibiotics and antotoxins
Prevention- Dap Vaccine

Question 6

Acute Encephalitis

Answer 6

Causative Organisms- Mostly viruses
Impact- coma or death
Site- Brain tissue
Symptoms- behavior changes, confusion, fever, and seizures
Transmission- Mosquitos
Prevention- Avoid mosquito bites
Treatment- Antivirals

Question 7

Botulism

Answer 7

Causative Organisms- Clostridium botulinum
Symptoms- muscle stiffness, paralysis, and vision problems
Site- Neuromuscular junciton
Impact- respiratory problem if untreated
Transmission- contaminated meat, honey, and wounds
Treatment- Stay away from contaminated meat and no honey for infants
Prevention- Antitoxins

Question 8

CJD

Answer 8

Rare and fatal
No cure or effective treatment
Public health focus- Surveillance and sterilization of medical procedures and safe food practices

Question 9

TSEs

Answer 9

CA- Prions
Symptoms- muscle stiffness, memory loss and personality changes
Site- Brain
Impact- Fatal brain dammage
Examples- CJD and mad cow disease
Transmission- Medical equipment and contaminated meat
Prevention- avoid contaminated sources and strict sterilization
Treatment- none (alaway fatal)