Chapter 19

Question 1

Respiratory System Defenses

Answer 1

Nasal hairs- traps particles
Mucus- traps microbes
Cillia- sweeps mucus and particles out
Coughing and sneezing- expels pathogens
IgA antibiotics- in mucus
Normal flora- competes with invaders

Question 2

Pharyngitis (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, virulence, prevention and treatment)

Answer 2

Cause- mostly viruses, bacterial strep throat
Symptoms- sore throat, red/swollen tonsils, white patches and fever
Transmission- droplets and direct contact
Test- rapid strep test and throat culture
Virulence- M protein and toxins
Prevention- Handwashing
Treatment- Antibiotics

Question 3

Common cold (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, prevention and treatment)

Answer 3

Cause- Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
Symptoms- mild cough, sneezing, sore throat and runny nose
Test- Usually a clinical diagnosis
Transmission- Droplets and surfaces
Prevention- handwashing and hygeine
Treatment- rest and fluids

Question 4

Sinustis (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, and treatment)

Answer 4

Cause- viruses, fungi and bacteria
Symptoms- nasal congestion, facial pain/pressure and headache
Transmission-not normally contagious
Test- Clinical diagnosis
Treatment- antibiotics if bacterial

Question 5

Acute Otitis Media (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, prevention and treatment)

Answer 5

Cause- Streptocossus pnemonia, haemophilus influenzae
Test- Otoscope exam
Symptoms- fever, ear pain and irritability
Transmission- follows respiratory infections
Treatment- Antibiotics if needed
Prevention-Vaccines

Question 6

Community Acquired Pneumonia (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, virulence, prevention and treatment)

Answer 6

Cause- Streptoccocus pneumonia, viruses
Symtoms- cough, fever, shortness of breath and chest pain
Test- chest x-ray and sputum culture
Transmission- Droplets
Virulence- S. Pneumoniae
Treatment- Antibiotics and rest
Prevention- Vaccines and hygeine

Question 7

Atypical Pneumonia (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, prevention and treatment)

Answer 7

Cause- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Symptoms- milder, dry cough, fatigue and sore throat
Transmission- droplets
Test- PCR and chest X-ray
Prevention- hygeine
Treatment-specific antibiotics

Question 8

Hospital acquired pneumonia (cause, symptoms, test, transmission, virulence, prevention and treatment)

Answer 8

Cause- Klebsiella, staphyloccocus aureus, pseudomonas
Symptoms- fever, cough, often severe
Transmission- ventilators, hospital staff/equipment
Virulence- drug resistents and biofilms
Prevention- hospital hygeine and handwashing
Treatment- strong antibiotics

Question 9

Flu (cause, symptoms, treatment, test, prevention and treatment)

Answer 9

Cause- Influenza viruses (A,B)
Symptoms- cough, fatigue, fever, chills, body aches
Transmission- droplets
Test- Rapid flu test, pcr
Treatment- Antivirals
Prevention- Annual flu vaccine and hygeine