Chapter 17 (Exam 2)

Question 1

____ is the most abundant component of plasma.

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Answer 2

Anemia

Question 3

4 functions of blood.

Answer 3

1. Transport of nutrients & waste
2. Transport of body heat
3. Transport of gases
4. Defense against toxins and pathogens

Question 4

During a period of fasting, the levels of ____ in the blood would rise.

Answer 4

Erythropoietin

Question 5

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by what organ ____.

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

____ permit the diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.

Answer 6

Continuous Capillaries

Question 7

What proteins function is to store and transport oxygen?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin

Question 8

____ is the innermost layer of a blood vessel.

Answer 8

Tunica intima

Question 9

PF-3 is a factor in which pathway?

Answer 9

Intrinsic Pathway

Question 10

____ carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells.

Answer 10

Red Blood Cells

Question 11

____ prevent the back flow of blood, channel blood towards the heart, and permit blood flow in one direction only.

Answer 11

Venous Valves

Question 12

____ are large vessels that return blood to the heart.

Answer 12

Veins

Question 13

Basophils, Red Blood Cells, Lymphocytes, and platelets are all ______ of the blood.

Answer 13

Formed Elements

Question 14

The conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase occurs in which pathway.

Answer 14

Common Pathway of Coagulation

Question 15

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ____.

Answer 15

Lungs

Question 16

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

Answer 16

Type B

Question 17

Iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled where?

Answer 17

Red Bone Marrow

Question 18

____ is the percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood.

Answer 18

Hematocrit

Question 19

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when ____ are able to cross the placenta and enter the fetal bloodstream.

Answer 19

anti-RH antibodies

Question 20

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

Answer 20

Albumin

Question 21

The pulmonary trunk exits the ____.

Answer 21

Right ventricle

Question 22

____ is the combination of plasma and formed elements.

Answer 22

Whole Blood

Question 23

The function of hemoglobin is to ____.

Answer 23

Carry oxygen

Question 24

What artery breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 24

Pulmonary arteries

Question 25

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ____.

Answer 25

Venules

Question 26

Electrolytes, Fibrinogen, Amino Acids, and Albumin are all components of ____.

Answer 26

Plasma

Question 27

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called ____.

Answer 27

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 28

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of ____.

Answer 28

Iron

Question 29

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the ____.

Answer 29

Red bone marrow

Question 30

____ stimulate the division of smooth muscle cells.

Answer 30

Endothelins

Question 31

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway

Answer 31

Extrinsic

Question 32

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the ____.

Answer 32

Tunica Media

Question 33

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme ____.

Answer 33

Thrombin

Question 34

____ are elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

Answer 34

Arteries

Question 35

3 places aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages.

Answer 35

Spleen Liver Bone Marrow

Question 36

Most of the body's total blood volume is found in the ____.

Answer 36

Systemic Venous System

Question 37

Heme molecules lacking iron produce the waste product ____.

Answer 37

Bilirubin

Question 38

The typical adult hematocrit is around ____.

Answer 38

45

Question 39

Vitamin ___ is needed for clotting factors.

Answer 39

Vitamin K

Question 40

A cancer of the white blood cells is called ____.

Answer 40

Leukemia

Question 41

____ are the most abundant blood cells.

Answer 41

Erythrocytes

Question 42

____ functions in clotting and normally accounts for roughly 4 percent of plasma proteins.

Answer 42

Fibrinogen

Question 43

____ consists of plasma and formed elements.

Answer 43

Whole blood

Question 44

____ constitue 60% of plasma proteins, are major contributors to osmotic pressure of plasma.

Answer 44

Albumins

Question 45

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and platelets make up ____.

Answer 45

Formed elements

Question 46

____ has a complex quaternary structure made up of 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains of polypeptides.

Answer 46

Hemoglobin

Question 47

What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in males.

Answer 47

14 - 18 g/dL

Question 48

What are the normal ranges of hemoglobin in females.

Answer 48

12-16 g/dL

Question 49

The average lifespan of a RBC is ____ days.

Answer 49

120

Question 50

____ is an inherited bleeding disorder that is more common in males and is usually caused by a reduced production of a single clotting factor.

Answer 50

Hemophilia

Question 51

____ are cancers of blood forming tissues. (Cancerous cells spread throughout the body from the origin in red bone marrow.

Answer 51

Leukemia

Question 52

____ is a condition marked by a reduction in the hematocrit, the hemoglobin content of the blood, or both.

Answer 52

Anemia

Question 53

Put the following in the sequence of vessels from heart back to the heart… Muscular arteries, Large veins, Medium sized veins, Arterioles, Elastic Arteries, Venules, and Capillaries.

Answer 53

1. Elastic arteries 2. Muscular arteries 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries 5. Venules 6. Medium sized veins 7. Large veins

Question 54

In a ___ the endothelium is a complete lining.

Answer 54

Continuous Capillaries

Question 55

____ are capillaries that contain "windows" or pores the penetrate the endothelial lining.

Answer 55

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 56

____ permit diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid soluble materials into the surrounding interstitial fluid, but prevent the loss of blood cells and plasma proteins.

Answer 56

Continuous Capillaries

Question 57

____ permit rapid exchange of water and solutes as large as small peptides between plasma and interstitial fluid.

Answer 57

Fenestrated Capillaries

Question 58

The ____ circuit begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium.

Answer 58

Pulmonary

Question 59

The ___ circuit transports oxygenated blood and nutrients to all organs and tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Answer 59

Sytstemic