Chapter 18 Flashcards
(49 cards)
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs form the ___ ___
Pulmonary circuit
The ____ is the transport system pump, and the hollow blood vessels are the delivery routes. (Two pumps side by side)
Heart
The blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues form the ___ ___
Systemic circuit
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the ___
Pericardium
At the superior margin of the heart, the parietal layer attached to the large arteries exiting the heart, and then turns inferiorly and continues over the external heart surface as the __ ___ also called ___ an integral part of the heart wall.
Visceral layer, also called epicardium
Between the parietal and visceral layers is the slitlike ___ ___ which contains a film of serous fluid.
Pericardial cavity
The superficial ____ is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.
Epicardium
The middle layer the ____ is composed mainly of cardiac muscle and forms the bulk of the heart.
Myocardium
The third layer of the heart wall the ____ is a glistening white sheet of endothelium resting on a thin connective tissue layer.
Endocardium
The ___ ___ ___ returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm.
Superior vena cava
The ___ ___ ___ returns blood from body areas below the diaphragm
Inferior vena cava
The ___ ___ collects blood draining from the myocardium.
Coronary sinus
Four ___ ___ enter the left atrium which makes up most of the hearts base. (Transport blood from the lungs back to the heart)
Pulmonary veins
The right ventricle pumps blood into the ___ ____ which routed the blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Pulmonary trunk
The left ventricle ejects blood into the ___ the largest artery in the body.
Aorta
The two ___ ___, one located at each atrial ventricular junction prevent back flow into the atria when the ventricles contract.
Atrioventricular valves
The right AV valve the ___ ___ has three flexible cusps (flaps of endocardium reinforced by connective tissue cores)
Tricuspid valve
The left AV valve with two cusps is called the ___ ___ because it resembles the two sides bishops miter or hat.
Mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
Attached to each AV valve flap are tiny white collagen cords called __ ___ (tendinous cords) “heart strings” which anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricular walls.
Chordae tendineae
The __ and ___ (___) ___ guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles and prevent back flow into the associated ventricles.
Aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves
The __ ___ the functional blood supply of the heart is the shortest circulation in the body.
Coronary circulation
The crescent shaped __ ___ is located in the right atrial wall just inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava. ( the heart’s pacemaker) generates impulses about 75 times/min
Sinoatrial (SA) node
___ __ determines the heart rate
Sinus rhythm
___ ___ is striated and contracts by the sliding filament mechanism.
Cardiac muscle