Chapter 17

Question 0

Erythrocytes normally constitute about 45% of the total volume of a blood sample a percentage known as the ____

Answer 0

Hematocrit

Question 1

A thin whitish layer called the ____ ___ is present at the erythrocyte plasma junction.

Answer 1

Buffy coat

Question 2

Blood ___ is a straw colored sticky fluid.

Answer 2

Plasma

Question 3

____ accounts for some 60% of plasma protein. It acts as a carrier to shuttle certain molecules through the circulation is an important blood buffer and is the major blood protein contributing to the plasma osmotic pressure.

Answer 3

Albumin

Question 4

_____ or ____ ___ ___ are small cells about 7.5 um in diameter. Shaped like biconcave discs flattened discs with depressed centers they appear lighter in color at their thin centers than at their edges. (Transport respiratory gases oxygen and carbon dioxide) also have no nuclei or organelles

Answer 4

Erythrocytes or red blood cells

Question 5

_____ a glycoprotein hormone stimulates the formation of erythrocytes.

Answer 5

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 6

Blood cell formation is referred to ____

Answer 6

Hematopoiesis

Question 7

Hematopoiesis occurs in the ___ __ ___ which is composed largely of a soft network of reticular connective tissue bordering on wide blood capillaries called blood sinusoids.

Answer 7

Red bone marrow

Question 8

___ is a sticky opaque fluid with a metallic taste

Answer 8

Blood

Question 9

The pH of arterial blood is ___

Answer 9

7.35-7.45

Question 10

___ the protein that makes red blood cells red, bind easily and reversibly with oxygen, and most oxygen carried in blood is bound to ___.

Answer 10

Hemoglobin (for both blanks)

Question 11

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets make up ___ ____

Answer 11

Formed elements

Question 12

When oxygen binds iron, the hemoglobin now called ____ assumes a new three dimensional shape and becomes ruby red.

Answer 12

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 13

Oxygen detached from iron hemoglobin resumed its former shape and the resulting _____ or reduced hemoglobin become dark red.

Answer 13

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 14

About 20% of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood combined with hemoglobin but it binds to globin’s amino acids rather than to the heme group. This formation is called ____

Answer 14

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 15

Give rise to all formed elements and resides in the red bone marrow.

Answer 15

Hematopoietic stem cell, or hemocytoblast

Question 16

Erythrocyte production or ______ begins when a hematopoietic stem cell descendant called a myeloid stem cell transforms into a proerythroblast.

Answer 16

Erythropoiesis

Question 17

The _____ essentially a young erythrocyte so named because it still contains a scant reticulum of clumped ribosomes.

Answer 17

Reticulocyte

Question 18

___ is a condition in which the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism.

Answer 18

Anemia

Question 19

__ a yellow pigment that is released to the blood and binds to albumin for transport

Answer 19

Bilirubin

Question 20

_____ “many blood cells” is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity causing it to sludge or flow sluggishly.

Answer 20

Polycythemia

Question 21

___ ____ , practiced by some athletes competing in aerobic events is artificially induced polycythemia.

Answer 21

Blood doping

Question 22

___ or ___ ___ ____ are the only formed elements that are complete cells, with nuclei and the usual organelles.

Answer 22

Leukocytes or white blood cells

Question 23

A clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel is called a ___

Answer 23

Thrombus

Question 24

If the thrombus breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream it becomes an __

Answer 24

Embolus

Question 25

An embolus is usually no problem until it encounters a blood vessel too narrow for it to pass through. Then it becomes ____ obstructing the vessel

Answer 25

Embolism

Question 26

___, which include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all roughly spherical in shape. They are larger and much shorter lived then erythrocytes.

Answer 26

Granulocytes

Question 27

____ the most numerous white blood cells account for 50-70% of the WBC population. They are twice as large as erythrocytes. ( phagocytize bacteria)

Answer 27

Neutrophils

Question 28

___ account for 2-4% of all leukocytes and are approximately the size of neutrophils. (Kills parasitic worms, complex role in allergy/asthma)

Answer 28

Eosinophils

Question 29

___ are the rarest white blood cells a. Punting for 0.5-1% of the leukocyte population. ( release histamine & other mediators of inflammation contain heparin, anticoagulant)

Answer 29

Basophils

Question 30

___ accounting for 25% or more of the WBC population are the second most numerous leukocytes in the blood. (Mount immune response)

Answer 30

Lymphocytes

Question 31

___ include lymphocytes and monocytes WBCs that lack visible cytoplasmic granules.

Answer 31

Agranulocytes

Question 32

___ account for 3-8% of WBCs, they are the largest leukocytes. They abundant pale blue cytoplasm and a darkly staining purple nucleus which is U or kidney shaped.

Answer 32

Monocytes

Question 33

__ stops the bleeding

Answer 33

Hemostasis

Question 34

___ are actively phagocytic and they are crucial in the body's defense against viruses certain intracellular bacterial parasites and chronic infections such as tuberculosis.

Answer 34

Macrophages

Question 35

___ are about one fourth the diameter of a lymphocyte they are cytoplasmic fragments of extraordinarily large cells called megakaryocytes.(cell fragments)

Answer 35

Platelets

Question 36

Factors that triggers this ___ ___ include direct injury to vascular smooth muscle chemicals released by endothelial cells and platelets and reflexes initiated by local pain receptors

Answer 36

Vascular spasm

Question 37

Factors that inhibit clotting are called

Answer 37

Anticoagulant

Question 38

The natural anticoagulant contained in basophils and mast cell granules is also found on the on the surface of endothelial cells.

Answer 38

Heparin

Question 39

Is an antiprostaglandin drug inhibits thromboxane a2 formation ( blocking platelet aggregation and platelet plug formation)

Answer 39

Aspirin

Question 40

(Coumadin) reduce the risk of stroke in those prone to atrial fibrillation a condition in which blood pools in the heart.

Answer 40

Warfarin

Question 41

____ play a key role in hemostasis by aggregating (sticking together) forming a plug that temporarily seals the break in the vessel wall.

Answer 41

Platelets

Question 42

___ or __ ___ reinforced the platelet plug with fibrin threads that act as a "molecular glue" for aggregated platelets.

Answer 42

Coagulation or blood clotting

Question 43

Production of white blood cells is stimulated by chemical messengers

Answer 43

Leukopoiesis

Question 44

White blood cells are produced through the action of ___ ___ ___.

Answer 44

Colony stimulating factors CSFs