Chapter 18

Question 1

Ballet

Answer 1

• Championed by France
• later dominated by Russian composer Tchaikovsky (“Swan Lake”)
• dance en pointe (on tips of toes) and more athletic types of dancing
• skintight outfits
• massive formations of dancers with a focus on a female soloist known as the prima ballerina

Question 2

Tchaikovsky

Answer 2

• became most prominent composer of ballet in the later half of the 19th century
• “Swan Lake,” “ Sleeping Beauty,” and “The Nutcracker”

Question 3

Symphonic Poem

Answer 3

• programmatic
• one movement
• new name for concert overture
• written for concert hall not for the opening of an opera or play
• term coined by Liszt in 1854

Question 4

The Symphony

Answer 4

• drew on elements from other musical genres to take the symphony to new heights
• concerto (music more difficult)
• cantata (more use of religious pieces and choir)
• opera (soloists)
• need someone to conduct and more rehearsals
• Brahms and Mahler

Question 5

Johannes Brahms

Answer 5

• wrote 4 symphonies
• old forms are capable of rejuvenation
• used a variation on Bach’s Cantata no. 150
• also drew on structures used by Beethoven

Question 6

Gustav Mahler

Answer 6

• straddles 19th and 20th centuries
• should incorporate the banal and mundane as well as the beautiful
• Symphony No. 1 ( Frere Jacques in minor mode with solo played on the high register of the double bass; klezmer Jewish form of music characterized by a steady oompah sound in the bass

Question 7

Different Types of Music for the Concert Hall

Answer 7

• served food and drink to all classes
• quadrille is a square dance
• polka is a dance in duple meter
• waltz is in triple meter and allowed more freedom to touch your partner (controversial) Johann Strauss “An der schonen blauen Donau”