Chapter 18

Question 1

Name the nuclei and their function in the anterior hypothalamus.

Answer 1

preoptic - heat loss, thirst, sleep
supraoptic & paraventricular - water balance/milk ejection/uterine contraction
suprachiasmatic - circadian rhythm
anterior - sleep

Question 2

Name the nuclei and their function in the intermediate hypothalamus.

Answer 2

arcuate & paraventricular - endocrine activity
ventromedial - satiety center (satisfaction)
dorsomedial - emotions
lateral - feeding

Question 3

Name the nuclei and their function in the posterior hypothalamus.

Answer 3

posterolateral - heat conservation, arousal, aggressive behavior
periventricular - analgesia
mamillary - consolidation of memory

Question 4

It is generally accepted that the _________ hypothalamus controls sympathetic activity and the ________ hypothalamus controls parasympathetic events.

Answer 4

posterior; anterior

Question 5

Bilateral hypothalamic lesion(s) at or near the _________ nuclei, will result in extreme viciousness (violence)?

Answer 5

ventromedial (emotions)

Question 6

A lesion of the _________ hypothalamus, may result in narcolepsy characterized by episodes of irresistible sleep in the daytime.

Answer 6

posterior (posterolateral nuclei is involved in cortical arousal)

Question 7

A lesion of the __________ hypothalamus, particularly the ________ nuclei, result in insomnia.

Answer 7

anterior; preoptic nuclei

Question 8

What nuclei influence reproduction and sexual functions?

Answer 8

preoptic, anterior, ventromedial

Question 9

Lesions in the _______ hypothalamus result in hyperthermia.

Answer 9

anterior (preoptic & anterior nuclei initiate heat loss responses)

Question 10

Lesion in the _______ hypothalamus result in a decrease in body temperature.

Answer 10

posterior (absence of shivering and vasoconstriction)

Question 11

What is poikilothermy?

Answer 11

condition which body temperature varies with the environment

Question 12

Why would poikilothermy occur?

Answer 12

heat gain center is no longer functional and the impulses from the heat loss center are interrupted en route to the brainstem reticular formation

Question 13

A bilateral lesion in the ________ nuclei, will result in an increased appetite, eventually obesity.

Answer 13

ventromedial nuclei (satiety center)

Question 14

Bilateral lesions of the feeding center in the __________ hypothalamus at the tubular level result in decreased ____ and _____ intake.

Answer 14

lateral; food; drink

Question 15

Where does the chief output from the hypothalamus travel?

Answer 15

to the anterior thalamic nucleus, to medial dorsal thalamic nucleus, and to the brainstem and spinal motor and autonomic centers.