Chapter 20

Question 1

A comatose patient with a lesion in the deep forebrain would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 1

cheyne-strokes - hyperpnea alternates with apnea.

Question 2

A comatose patient with a lesion in the midbrain would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 2

central neurogenic hyperventilation - a sustained, deep hyperpnea.

Question 3

A comatose patient with a lesion in the rostral pons would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 3

apneustic breathing - prolonged inspiration alternating with prolonged expiration.

Question 4

A comatose patient with a lesion in the midpons would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 4

cluster breathing - 3 or 4 rapid, deep breaths alternating with periods of apnea.

Question 5

A comatose patient with a lesion in the caudal pons or rostral medulla would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 5

ataxic breathing - irregular or uneven depths.

Question 6

A comatose patient with a lesion in the respiratory centers in mid-medulla would present with what type of breathing pattern?

Answer 6

respiratory arrest

Question 7

When a DPT student takes a psychostimulant drug like amphetamines (adderall) to study for Doc Z’s quiz which area is stimulated, specifically what nuclei, to increase dopaminergic activity producing reward and pleasure functions?

Answer 7

Dopaminergic Ventral Tegmental Area; accumbens nuclei (also amygdala & prefrontal cortex)

Question 8

Where does the projections from the serotonergic raphe nuclei travel to?

Answer 8

pontomedullary junction (raphe magnus) project to the spinal cord to modulate slow pain.
rostral pons and midbrain project to thalamus, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.

Question 9

What are the serotonergic projections from the raphe nuclei involved with?

Answer 9

sleep-wake cycle and control mood and certain types of emotional behavior (aggression)

Question 10

The cholinergic neurons in the basel nucleus of Meynert play a major role in what?

Answer 10

cortical excitability, memory, and learning.

Question 11

Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basel nucleus of Meynert play manifest as what condition?

Answer 11

Alzheimer disease

Question 12

The noradrenergic projections of the locus ceruleus are involved in the regulation of _______, cortical _______, and the sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 12

attention; arousal

Question 13

What affect does norepinephrine have in the locus ceruleus?

Answer 13

increases brain responsiveness and speeds information processing.