Chapter 9 Flashcards
(24 cards)
The flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum receives it’s major input from the _____ ________.
vestibular apparatus
The anterior lobe of the cerebellum receives it’s major input from the _____ via their _____ connections.
limbs; spinal connections
The posterior lobe of the cerebellum has very strong connections with the ________ ______.
cerebral cortex
The inferior cerebellar peduncle connects the _______ to the cerebellum. It consist are mainly _____ fibers sending information ____ the cerebellum.
medulla; input fibers; towards
The middle cerebellar peduncle is the largest peduncle and connects the basilar part of the _______ to the cerebellum. It consist of only _____ fibers sending information ____ the cerebellum.
pons; input fibers; towards
The superior cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum to the _______. It mainly consist of _____ fibers sending information ____ the cerebellum.
midbrain; output fibers; from
What are the 2 most important differences between cerebellar cortex and cerebral cortex?
- The activity of the cerebellar cortex does not directly contribute to consciousness.
- The hemispheres of the cerebellar cortex represent the ipsilateral body parts, whereas the motor areas of the cerebral hemispheres represent contralateral body parts.
Climbing fibers arise from the inferior _______ nucleus and project medially, ________, and sweep through the opposite _______ nucleus and medullary tagmentum, then enter the __________ through the ________ cerebellar peduncle.
olivary; decussate; olivary; cerebellum; inferior cerebellar peduncle.
After the climbing fibers enter the cerebellar cortex they pass through the granule cell and purkinje cell traveling to and synapsing with multiple _________ trees (dendrites) where it releases ________ causing excitation of the ________ cells resulting in an atypical action potential called a _______ spike.
parking trees; glutamate; parking cells; complex spike
Mossy fibers arise from cerebellar ________ fibers out side the cerebellar cortex and after entering the cortex they branch repeatedly in cerebellar _____ matter and also to about 20 excitatory cell called _______ cells (only one in the cortex) where they release ______ to excite the _____ cells.
afferent; white matter; granule cell; glutamate; granule cells.
Granule cells bifurcate forming ________ fibers that synapse on only one _______ cell dendrite tree as well as ________, ______, and _____ neurons. Many parallel fibers firing synchronously are needed to active the _______ cell to evoke a ______ spike.
parallel fibers; purkinje; stellate, basket, and golgi neurons; purkinje cell; simple spike.
The only output neurons in the cerebellar cortex is?
Purkinje cells
Learning new activities has been correlated to and increase in ______ spikes and a suppression of _______ ______ activity.
complex; simple spike
As a movement becomes coordinated, complex spike activity returns to _______, but _____ spikes remains _______.
normal; simple; depressed.
Long-term synaptic depression refers to what phenomena in the cerebral cortex
long-term depression
From medial to lateral what are the cerebellar nuclei and what are their chief excitatory and inhibitory inputs.
the fastigial, interposed (globes & emboliform), and dentate. They each receive excitatory input from branches of mossy and climbing fibers and inhibitory from purkinje neurons.
Pair the three sagittal zones with the cerebellar nuclei.
purkinje neurons in the vermis project to fastigial nucleus
purkinje neurons in the intermediate zone project to the interposed nucleus
purkinje neurons in the lateral cerebellum project to dentate nucleus
The lateral hemisphere and dentate nuclei are involved in what?
planning voluntary movements, this activity happens before activity in the primary motor cortex.
The neuronal activity in the vermis and fastigail nuclei is correlated with what?
posture, gait, and eye movements.
Unitary activity in the intermediate zone (paravermis) and interposed nuclei are correlated with what?
somatosensory feedback during movement, especially firing the antagonist muscle to correct ongoing movements.
The anterior cerebellar lobe receives _________ information chiefly from muscle spindles and tendon organs from individual ___ ____ muscles that travel the dorsal spinalcerebellar tract that arises from the dorsal _____ of _____.
The axons of the dorsal nucleus of clark receive input from collateral branches of primary afferent axons ascending in the lumbosacral part of the _____ tract. The nucleus of clark sends the information ipsilaterally to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract to enter the cerebellum via the ______ cerebellar peduncle.
proprioceptive; lower limb muscles; nucleus of clark.
gracile tract; inferior cerebellar peduncle
The posterior lobe mainly involved the _____ extremities.
upper extremities
The posterior lobe receives the most ______ fibers, called corticopontocerebellar projections.
mossy
Most corticopontine fibers arise from ________, __ _____, posterior ______ areas and association areas traveling to the ipsilateral ______ ______, then giving rise to ________ ______ fibers from the _____ cerebellar peduncle after crossing, before projecting to the _______ lobe of cerebellum.
sensorimotor, pre motor, posterior parietal areas; pontine nuclei; transverse pontine fibers: middle; posterior lobe
