Flashcards in Chapter 18 - Drugs Deck (38):
1
the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus that is contingent on a particular response, with an attendant increase in the frequency of that response
- A behaviour that turns off (or reduces) an aversive stimulus will be reinforced.
- response makes unpleasant stimuli decrease/end
negative feedback
2
body’s attempt to compensate for unusual condition
– decrease in sensitivity to a drug that comes from repeated use
tolerance
3
primarily the opposite of the effects of the drug
withdrawl symptoms
4
liking
hedonic value
5
wanting
positive-incentive value
6
anticipated pleasure associated with an action
positive-incentive value
7
amount of pleasure that is actually experienced.
hedonic value
8
Animals are first trained to make a response (press a lever), that is reinforced by iv injections of drug (cocaine).
Response is extinguished – injections of saline instead of cocaine.
Once the animal stops responding (pressing the lever), experimenter administers a “free” injection of drug.
In response, animals begin pressing lever again.
- inhibition of dACC prevents reinstatement
- activation of vmPFC inhibits responding
reinstatement
9
new form of learning, animal does not forget to make a particular response, it learns not to.
-vmPFC plays critical role; stimulation of vmPFC with AMPA blocked reinstatement of responding normally produced by free shot of cocaine
- activation of vmPFC inhibited responding
extinction
10
involved in the behavioral effects of natural reinforcers
endongenous opiods
11
(blocks opiate receptors) reduce the reinforcing effects of alcohol in humans and rats.
- blocks u opiate receptors
antagonized the reinforcing and sedative effects
naloxone
12
sudden withdrawal from long-term administration of a drug caused administration of an antagonistic drug
Antagonist-precipitated withdrawal
13
Potent DA agonists
cocaine and amphetamine
14
hallucinations, delusions of persecution, mood disturbances, repetitive behaviours
psychotic behaviours
15
blocks CB1 receptors
Rimonabant
16
One of the leading causes of mental retardation in the Western world.
Foetal development
Effects are most serious during last trimester and several years after birth.
FAS
17
GABAa agonist, NMDA antagonist.
alcohol
18
Partial agonist for the μ opiate receptor
- drug high affinity for receptor but, activates less than ligand.
decreases ligand effect in high concentration areas
increases in regions low concentrations
- blocks opiate effects
- produces weak effects
Buprenorphine
19
Conjugated cocaine to a foreign protein which stimulated rats’ immune system to develop antibodies to cocaine
Prevented cocaine from passing BBB, less sensitive to activating effects of cocaine
immunotherapy
20
antidepressant drug, catecholine reuptake inhibitor
- used for nicotine addiction
Bupropion
21
partial agonist for the nicotinic receptor
Varenicline
22
opiate antagonist
Naltrexone
23
NMDA-receptor antagonist
Acamprosate
24
GABAa receptor (indirect agonist)
barbituates or benzodiazepines
25
CB1 cannabinoid receptor (agonist)
weed
26
nicotinic ACh receptor (agonist)
nicotine
27
um and delta receptors (agonist)
opiates (heroine, morphine)
28
blocks DA reuptake
cocaine
29
NDMA receptor (indirect antagonist)
PCP, Ketamine
30
release DA - run DA transporter in reverse
amphetamines
31
produced by unexpected dose of addictive drug.
involved activation of mesolimbic system of dopaminergic neurons
relapses
32
area involved in suppresion of exctinction
vmPFC
33
area involved in craving
dACC
34
opatite receptors in preoptic area
hypothermia
35
opiate receptors in recticular formation
sedation
36
opiate receptors in PAG
analgesia
37
opiate receptors in NAC and VTA
reinforcement
38