chapter 19

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

ability to think logically and clearly

Question 2

cognitive impariment

Answer 2

when some cognition is lost, affects concentration and memory, some lost is nl but dementia is not

Question 3

confusion

Answer 3

inability to think clearly and logically, has trb focusing his attention and may feel disoriented, interferes with ability to make decisions, can affect personality,

Question 4

delirium

Answer 4

state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly and is usually temporary, some causes are infections, dz, fluid imbalance, poor nutrition, drugs and alcohol,

Question 5

dementia

Answer 5

general term that refers to serious loss of mental abilities such as thinking remembering reasoning and communicating, is it advances, these losses make it diff to perform ADLs, it is not a nl part of aging

Question 6

progressive

Answer 6

once it begins, a progressive dz advances, it tends to spread to other parts of the body and affects many body functions

Question 7

degenerative

Answer 7

gets continually worse, eventually causes body systems to breakdown, and causes greater and greater loss of mental and physical health and abilities

Question 8

onset

Answer 8

time the signs and sx begin

Question 9

irreversible

Answer 9

cannot be cured, like Alzheimer’s, will either die from dz or with dz

Question 10

causes of dementia

Answer 10

alzheimer’s dz, multi infarct/vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, parkinson’s dz, huntington’s dz,

Question 11

lewy body dementia

Answer 11

abnl structures called lewy bodies develop in areas of the brain causing variety of sx

Question 12

multi infarct/vascular dementia

Answer 12

series of strokes causing damage to brain

Question 13

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Answer 13

most common cause of dementia in elderly, is a progressive, degenerative, and irreversible dz, women>men, african american2x>white, hispanics 1.5x>white, 1/10 over 65+, causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain eventually causing dementia, no known cause and no cure

Question 14

sx of AD

Answer 14

appear gradually, generally begins with memory loss, as it progresses, it causes greater and greater loss of health and abilities, may get disoriented, may be confused about time and place, comm probs, lose ability to read write speak or understand, mood/beh changes, aggressiveness,w andering, withdrawl, generally progresses in stages and with each stage sx get worse

Question 15

mild alzheimer’s disease (early-stage)

Answer 15

shows some probs with memory loss and forgetting words and locations of familiar objects, probs with memory and concentration but may still be independent

Question 16

moderate alzheimer’s dz (middle stage)

Answer 16

generally, this is the longest stage, may show signs and sx such as forgetting recent events, forgetting some of one’s own past exp/background, chagne sin personality/beh being moody or withdrawn, change sin sleep, confsuion about time and place, needing help with some ADLs

Question 17

severe alzheimer’s disease (late stage)

Answer 17

final stage of AD, a person may be unable to communicate with others, control movement or respond to surroundings, needs sig help with ADLs, ability to walk sit swallow may be affected

Question 18

perseveration

Answer 18

ppl with AD may repeat words, phrases, questions, or actions

Question 19

intervention

Answer 19

a way to change an action or development

Question 20

agitated

Answer 20

when a R is excited, restless, or troubled

Question 21

trigger

Answer 21

a situation that leads to agitation

Question 22

sundowning

Answer 22

when a person with AD gets restless and agitated in the late afternoon,e vening or night, may be caused by hunger or fatigue, change in routine or caregiver, or any new or fustrating situation

Question 23

catastrophic rxn

Answer 23

when a person with AD overreacts to something

Question 24

pacing

Answer 24

when a R walks back and forth in the same area

Question 25

wandering

Answer 25

when a R walks aimlessly around facility

Question 26

elopes

Answer 26

when a R wanders away from a protected area and does not return

Question 27

hallucinations

Answer 27

when a R who sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels things that are not there

Question 28

delusions

Answer 28

when a R believes things that are not true

Question 29

rummaging

Answer 29

going through drawers closets or personal items that belong to oneself or to other ppl

Question 30

hoarding

Answer 30

collecting and putting things away in a guarded way

Question 31

validation therapy

Answer 31

letting residents believe they live in the past or in imaging circumstances

Question 32

validating

Answer 32

giving value to or approving

Question 33

reminiscence therapy

Answer 33

involves encouraging residents to remember and talk about the past, can explore memories by askinga bout details, can help eldely remember pleasant times

Question 34

activity therapy

Answer 34

uses activities that the R enjoys to prevent boredom and fustration, also promotes self esteem

Question 35

music therapy

Answer 35

involves using music to accomplish specific goals such as managing stress and improving mood and cognition, music is form of sensory stimulation which can cause a response with those who have dementia