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CNA > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

infection prevention

A

set of methods practiced in facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease

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2
Q

microorganism(MO)/microbe

A

living thing that is so small it is only visible under a microscope

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3
Q

infections

A

occurs when pathogens invade the body and multiply

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4
Q

pathogens

A

harmful microorganisms

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5
Q

localized infection

A

infection that is limited to a specific location in the body

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6
Q

systemic infection

A

affects the entire body; travels through the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body, causes general sx

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7
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

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8
Q

chain of infection

A

way of describing how dz is transmitted from one human being to another

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9
Q

six links in chain of infection

A

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host – CRETES

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10
Q

causative agent

A

pathogenic microbe that causes dz (are everywhere)

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11
Q

reservoir

A

where pathogen lives and multiplies, can be human, animal, soil, or substance, lungs blood, large intestine

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12
Q

portal of exit

A

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave, includes nose, mouth, eyes, cuts, GI (saliva, feces/vomit), GU (urine, semen, vaginal secretions), skin (cuts, blood, pus drainage)

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13
Q

mode of transmission

A

describes how the pathogen travels

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14
Q

direct contact

A

happens by touching the infected person or his secretions

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15
Q

indirect contact

A

results from touching an object contaminated by infected person (needle, dressing, tissue, linens), esp hands

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16
Q

portal of entry

A

body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter (nose, mouth, eyes, cuts, cracked skin, mucous membranes like mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, genitals)

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17
Q

suspectible host

A

uninfected person who would become ill

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18
Q

transmission

A

passage or transfer of most infectious dz can be blocked by using proper infection prevention practices

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19
Q

medical asepsis

A

refers to measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens, used in all healthcare settings

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20
Q

surgical asepsis

A

aka sterile technique, makes an object or area completely free of all microbes (not just pathogens)

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21
Q

malnutrition

A

when a person is not getting the proper nutrition

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22
Q

dehydration

A

occurs when there is inadequate amt of fluid in the body

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23
Q

OSHA

A

occupational safety and health administration, federal govt agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

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24
Q

CDC

A

center for disease control and prevention, fed govt agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health of individuals and communities

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25
Q

standard precautions

A

means treating blood, body fluids, nonintact skin (like abrasions, pimples, open sores) and mm as if they were infected , must be practiced with every single person

26
Q

single most common way for HAIs to spread is through

A

hands of healthcare workers, and so handwashing is the most important thing NAs can do to prevent the spread of dz

27
Q

antimicrobial

A

agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

28
Q

hand hygiene

A

washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water or using alcohol based hand rubs

29
Q

PPE

A

equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards

30
Q

don

A

to wear PPE

31
Q

doff

A

to remove PPE

32
Q

clean

A

when an object has not been contaminated with pathogens

33
Q

dirty

A

when object has been contaminated w/ pathogens

34
Q

disinfection

A

process that kills pathogens but does not destroy all pathogens

35
Q

sterilization

A

cleaning measure that destroys all microbes and pathogens, can use autoclave, liquid/gas chemicals, or dry heat

36
Q

spore-forming microbes

A

special group of organisms that produce a protective covering that is difficult to penetrate

37
Q

autoclave

A

machine that sterilizes objects by using hot steam under pressure

38
Q

transmission based precautions

A

guidelines used for persons who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious diseases

39
Q

3 categories of transmission based precautions

A

airborne, droplet, and contact

40
Q

multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs)

A

microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for tx such as MRSA and VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus), C. diff, scabies, lice, influenza

41
Q

airborne precautions

A

prevent spread of pathogens that can be transmitted through air after being expelled, precautions include wearing special masks

42
Q

droplet precautions

A

used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air, such as when laughing singing sneezing, precautions include wearing a face masks and restricting visits

43
Q

contact precautions

A

used when resident is at risk of spreading an infection by direct contact with a person or object

44
Q

isolate

A

to keep something separate/by itself

45
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and dz in humans, may also be found in body fluids, draining wounds, and mucous membranes

46
Q

two major bloodborne diseases in US

A

AIDS and HIV, (HIV can cause AIDS)

47
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver caused by certain viruses, and other factors (ETOH abuse, meds, trauma), most common is A, B, C, (B+C are bloodborne), more ppl have Hep B>HIV

48
Q

virus causing hepatitis A (HAV)

A

result of fecal-oral contamination, food or water that is contaminated by stool

49
Q

hep B (HBV)

A

bloodborne dz spread through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, from mom to baby, or through improperly sterilized needles, grooming supplies, or exposure at work

50
Q

hep C (HCV)

A

also transmitted through blood or body fluids, no vaccine, can lead to cirrhosis and liver ca

51
Q

HDV/HEV

A

HDV through blood, only found in ppl who carry HBV, and HEV is through fecal oral route

52
Q

bloodborne pathogens standard

A

law that requires that facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards

53
Q

exposure control plan

A

must have by employers designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious materials

54
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis; highly contagious dz caused by a bacterium, carried on mucous droplets suspected in the air and affects the lung, is an airborne dz

55
Q

two types of TB

A

latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease; LTBI carries the dz but does not show sx and cannot infect others, TB dz shows sx and can spread T to others

56
Q

multidrug resistant TB (MDR-T)

A

form of T that is caused by organism that is resistant to medication that issued to treat T

57
Q

resistant

A

means that drugs no longer work to kill the specific bacteria

58
Q

2 common types of MDROs

A

MRSA/VRE

59
Q

MRSA

A

infection that is resistant to methicillin, when staph. aureus becomes resistant to methicillin, can be hospital acquired (HA-MRSA) or community acquired (CA-MRSA) , almost always spread by direct phys contact

60
Q

VRE

A

when enteroccci (bac that live in GI/GU tracts) cause infection and are resistant to vanc which is usually used to treat infections

61
Q

C. diff

A

infection when a spore forming bacterium which can be part of normal intestinal flora is altered, and cause infection, which produces a toxin that causes watery diarrhea

CNA (24 decks)

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