Chapter 19 Flashcards
(20 cards)
City Beautiful
a movement was begun by Daniel Burnham and Fredrick Law Olmsted, who believed that cities should be built with three core tenets in mind: the inclusion of parks within city limits, the creation of wide boulevards, and the expansion of more suburbs
graft
the financial kickback provided to city bosses in exchange for political favors
Great Migration
the name for the large wave of African Americans who left the South after the Civil War, mostly moving to cities in the Northeast and Upper Midwest
instrumentalism
a theory promoted by John Dewey, who believed that education was key to the search for the truth about ideals and institutions
machine politics
the process by which citizens of a city used their local ward alderman to work the “machine” of local politics to meet local needs within a neighborhood
naturalism
a theory of realism that states that the laws of nature and the natural world were the only relevant laws governing humanity
pragmatism
a doctrine supported by philosopher William James, which held that Americans needed to experiment and find the truth behind underlying institutions, religions, and ideas in American life, rather than accepting them on faith
realism
a collection of theories and ideas that sought to understand the underlying changes in the United States during the late nineteenth century
settlement house movement
an early progressive reform movement, largely spearheaded by women, which sought to offer services such as childcare and free healthcare to help the working poor
social gospel
the belief that the church should be as concerned about the conditions of people in the secular world as it was with their afterlife
Social Register
a de facto directory of the wealthy socialites in each city, first published by Louis Keller in 1886
Tammany Hall
a political machine in New York, run by machine boss William Tweed with assistance from George Washington Plunkitt
Which of the following four elements was not essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America? A. electric lighting B. communication improvements C. skyscrapers D. settlement houses
D. settlement houses
Which of the following did the settlement house movement offer as a means of relief for working-class women? A. childcare B. job opportunities C. political advocacy D. relocation services
A. childcare
Why did African Americans consider moving from the rural South to the urban North following the Civil War? A. to be able to buy land B. to avoid slavery C. to find wage-earning work D. to further their education
C. to find wage-earning work
Which of the following is true of late-nineteenth-century southern and eastern European immigrants, as opposed to their western and northern European predecessors?
A. Southern and eastern European immigrants tended to be wealthier.
B. Southern and eastern European immigrants were, on the whole, more skilled and able to find better-paying employment.
C. Many southern and eastern European immigrants acquired land in the West, while western and northern European immigrants tended to remain in urban centers.
D. Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans.
D. Ellis Island was the first destination for most southern and eastern Europeans
Which of the following was a popular pastime for working-class urban dwellers? A. football games B. opera C. museums D. amusement parks
D. amusement parks
Which of the following was a disadvantage of machine politics?
A. Immigrants did not have a voice.
B. Taxpayers ultimately paid higher city taxes due to graft.
C. Only wealthy parts of the city received timely responses.
D. Citizens who voiced complaints were at risk for their safety.
B. Taxpayers ultimately paid higher city taxes due to graft.
Which of the following statements accurately represents Thorstein Veblen’s argument in The Theory of the Leisure Class?
A. All citizens of industrial society would rise or fall based on their own innate merits.
B. The tenets of naturalism were the only laws through which society should be governed.
C. The middle class was overly focused on its own comfort and consumption.
D. Land and natural resources should belong equally to all citizens.
C. The middle class was overly focused on its own comfort and consumption.
Which of the following was not an element of realism? A. social Darwinism B. instrumentalism C. naturalism D. pragmatism
A. social Darwinism
