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Microbiology Final > Chapter 19 diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 19 diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What causes folliculitis?

A

genus staphylococcus

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2
Q

what causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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3
Q

what causes chickenpox/shingles?

A

Varicella-Zoster

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4
Q

what causes measles?

A

messes virus (rebeola)

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5
Q

what are characteristics of Staphylococcus?

A

Facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive cocci in clusters

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6
Q

what are characteristics of Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Intracellular, Gram negative coccobacillus

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of Varicella-Zoster (herpesvirus)?

A

Icosahedral, enveloped, DNA virus

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the measles virus?

A

helical nucleocapsids surrounded by an envelope

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9
Q

what is the reservoir of folliculitis?

A

humans

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10
Q

what is the reservoir of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

rodents (zoonosis)

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11
Q

what is the reservoir of chickenpox/shingles?

A

humans

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12
Q

what is the reservoir of measles?

A

humans

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13
Q

Folliculitis mode of transmission?

A

direct contact and fomites

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14
Q

RMSF mode of transmission?

A

hard ticks of the genus Dermacentor

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15
Q

chickenpox/shingles mode of transmission?

A

direct contact or droplet

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16
Q

measles mode of transmission?

A

droplet and airborne transmission

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17
Q

Portal of entry for folliculitis?

A

skin and mucous membranes

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18
Q

Portal of entry for RMSF?

A

parenteral

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19
Q

Portal of entry for chickenpox/shingles

A

upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva

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20
Q

Portal of entry for measles?

A

respiratory tract

21
Q

folliculitis virulence factors?

A

-Enzymes
-structural defenses
-toxins

22
Q

RMSF virulence factors?

A

not killed by host cells

23
Q

chickenpox/shingles virulence factors?

A

Is able to establish a latent varicella-zoster viral infection in the dorsal root ganglia which allows the infection to reemerge at a later time

24
Q

measles virulence factors?

A

-adhesion proteins: attach to host cell
-fusion protein: enter and spread between cells by promoting direct membrane fusion

25
Q

How does folliculitis affect body functions?

A

Organism grows into hair follicles and invades sebaceous glands; follicle enlarges and fills with pus

26
Q

How does RMSF affect body functions?

A

Causes damage to blood vessels which results in loss of fluid, low blood volume, reduced blood flow to organs, disordered tissue function, and thrombocytopenia

27
Q

How does chickenpox/shingles affect body function?

A

Infection begins in the mucous membranes of respiratory tract; spreads to liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; 2 weeks later, a second wave of viruses spread via blood throughout body and to skin; infects cells of dermis and produces a rash

28
Q

How does measles affect body function?

A

Infects cells in the respiratory tract; spreads throughout the body via blood and lymph; CTLs kill infected cells, but causes most of the symptoms

29
Q

Signs and Symptoms of folliculitis?

A

inflammation and fever develop, pustule, sty, furuncle, carbuncle

30
Q

Signs and Symptoms of RMSF?

A

Non-itchy, spotted rash and petechiae

31
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Chickenpox/shingles?

A

Red macules, fever, malaise, rash
can become latent in sensory nerves and reactivate (shingles) painful rash near distal end of nerve, burning, numbness, itchiness, pain

32
Q

Signs and Symptoms of measles?

A

-Fever, sore throat, headache, dry cough and conjunctivitis (initial)
-2-3 days later Koplik spots develop on the mucous membranes of the mouth (crystals of salt surrounded by a red halo)
-4th day: raised lesions appear on the head and spread over the body (lasts 3-5 days)

33
Q

Epidemiology of Folliculitis?

A

S. epidermidis is ubiquitous on human skin (seldom causes disease because it lacks virulence factors; can be an opportunistic pathogen)
S. aureus is not a permanent resident but does grow on skin and mucous membranes (transferred from the face to other locations)

34
Q

Epidemiology of RMSF?

A

More common in Appalachia, Oklahoma, and the southeastern U.S.

35
Q

Epidemiology of chickenpox/shingles?

A

Seen more in children, 15-20 percent of people who had chickenpox develop shingles as adults, shingles can spread virus to a person who has never had chickenpox

36
Q

Epidemiology of Measles?

A

Highly contagious
Only infects humans
Pts. Infectious until 2-4 days after rash development
Can be serious and fatal for small children

37
Q

Diagnosis for Folliculitis?

A

-Detection of Gram-positive bacteria in grapelike arrangements isolated from pus.
-Positive coagulase test for S. aureus
-Coagulase-negative staphylococci are usually S. epidermidis and not indicative of a Staphylococcal infection

38
Q

Diagnosis for RMSF?

A

Rash on palms and soles, sudden fever, headache following tick exposure

39
Q

Diagnosis for chickenpox/shingles?

A

-Characteristic appearance of lesions
-shingles is more difficult to diagnose
-localization of lesions with band of skin on one side of body
-There are antibody tests available

40
Q

Diagnosis for measles?

A

-Diagnosis via signs (kopliks spots)
-Serological testing confirms the presence of measles antigen

41
Q

treatment for folliculitis?

A

-Topical mupirocin
-It is critical to clean and drain abscesses of pus before topical therapy

42
Q

treatment for RMSF?

A

Remove tick; administer doxycycline, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol

43
Q

treatment for chickenpox/shingles?

A

Chickenpox: self-limiting, no tx required
Shingles: management of symptoms, bedrest, and oral acyclovir; light fitting clothing, nonadherent dressings

44
Q

treatment for measles?

A

-Supportive therapy
-Administration of vitamin A, antibodies against the measles virus, and ribavirin

45
Q

prevention of folliculitis?

A

-People with Staph lesions should refrain from working with food, pts. with open wounds, immunocompromised pts., and women in labor.
-Use proper aseptic techniques

46
Q

prevention of RMSF?

A

Avoid tick infested areas and frequent tick checks

47
Q

prevention of chickenpox/shingles

A

-Attenuated vaccine that protects against chickenpox
-Recombinant vaccine that protects against shingles

48
Q

prevention of

A

Microbiology Final (6 decks)

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