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Microbiology Final > Chapter 22 Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What causes streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Genus Streptococcus
Lancefield Group A – S. pyogenes

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2
Q

What causes tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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3
Q

What causes influenza?

A

Influenza virus types A and B

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4
Q

characteristics of streptococcus lance field A?

A

-gram positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci in chains or pairs
-streptococci differentiated by Lancefield grouping

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5
Q

characteristics of mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Non endospore forming, gram-positive rod with cell walls containing mycolic acid (acid fast positive)

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6
Q

characteristics of influenza?

A

Eight different ssRNA molecules as genome, pleomorphic envelope, glycoprotein spikes

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7
Q

reservoir for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

human

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8
Q

reservoir for tuberculosis?

A

human

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9
Q

reservoir for influenza?

A

human

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10
Q

mode of transmission for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Respiratory droplets

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11
Q

mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

A

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

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12
Q

mode of transmission for influenza?

A

Droplet transmission, airborne transmission, and indirect contact transmission (fomites)

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13
Q

portal of entry for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Upper respiratory tract

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14
Q

portal of entry for tuberculosis?

A

Upper respiratory tract

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15
Q

portal of entry for influenza?

A

Eyes, nose, mouth

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16
Q

virulence factor for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

-M protein
-Hyaluronic acid capsule
-Streptokinases
-C5a peptidase
-Pyrogenic toxins
-Streptolysins

17
Q

virulence factor for tuberculosis?

A

Mycolic acid directly responsible for unique characteristics of pathogen
-cord factor

18
Q

virulence factor for influenza?

A

Genomes are extremely variable.
Antigenic shift
Antigenic drift

19
Q

how does streptococcal respiratory disease affect the body?

A

Infects the throat but the disease is temporary

20
Q

how does tuberculosis affect the body?

A

Macrophages in alveoli phagocytize organisms but cannot digest them. Bacteria replicate freely within macrophages, gradually killing them, cycle repeats itself. T cells produce lymphokines that attract and activate more macrophages and trigger inflammation. Collagen fibers enclose granuloma

Reactivated: organism ruptures granuloma. Bacteria spread through lungs via bronchioles, macrophages carry pathogen via blood and lymph to variety of sites

21
Q

how does influenza affect the body?

A

Infects cells in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Lytic replication cycle eliminates the lungs first line of defense.

22
Q

signs and symptoms for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Back of pharynx red, swollen lymph nodes, purulent abscesses over tonsils, pain during swallowing, fever, malaise, headache, can cause laryngitis and bronchitis.
Scarlet fever, pharyngitis, acute glomerulonephritis

23
Q

signs and symptoms for tuberculosis?

A

Not initially apparent and may be limited to minor cough and mild fever
Fatigue, malaise, chest pain, wheezing, and cough up blood

24
Q

signs and symptoms for influenza?

A

Symptoms due to cytokines. Sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, dry cough, malaise, headache, myalgia

25
Q

epidemiology for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

A human adapted pathogen
Winter and spring among elementary and middle school children
Is sensitive to antimicrobial drugs

26
Q

epidemiology for tuberculosis?

A

1.7 billion people were infected with TB
Responsible for the second highest number of deaths worldwide due to an infectious disease
Greatest risk of infection: low immunity people

27
Q

epidemiology for influenza?

A

Changing antigens guarantee there will always be susceptible people
Some people are carriers

28
Q

diagnosis for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Some estimate that <50% of pts. Diagnosed with strep have it. Most have viral pharyngitis
-serological testing

29
Q

diagnosis for tuberculosis?

A

TB skin test
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
Chest x ray
Sputum sample

30
Q

diagnosis for influenza?

A

Flu signs and symptoms during a community wide outbreak are often sufficient for diagnosis

31
Q

treatment for streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Oral or intramuscular penicillin G, penicillin V, or amoxicillin

32
Q

treatment for tuberculosis?

A

Common antimicrobials have little effect
Pyrazinamide with INH, rifampin and either streptomycin or ethambutol

33
Q

treatment for influenza?

A

Two drugs available: tamiflue and Relenza

34
Q

prevention of streptococcal respiratory disease?

A

Antibodies against M protein
Keep sick children isolated

35
Q

prevention of tuberculosis?

A

Antibacterial drugs used prophylactically
BCG vaccine (attenuated)

36
Q

prevention of influenza?

A

Immunization with a multivalent vaccine, culling infected birds, good personal hygeiene

Microbiology Final (6 decks)

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