chapter 19 from review in class Flashcards
what covers trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
true vocal cords
lower
pleura
tissue around lungs that doubles back
fluid between pleura
serous fluid
if pleural cavity fills with fluid
increased pressure, harder to breathe
visceral layer
closest to the lung
part of brain that controls breathing rate
pons
part of brain that limits inhalation
pons apneustic center
breathing and HR controlled by what part of the brain
medulla
what controls when you stop inhaling and when its time to exhale
stretch receptors
when stretch receptors say to stop what happens
diaphragm relaxes and elastic recoil
how do gasses get across the alveolar membrane
diffusion
what do alveoli secrete to help with surface tension to prevent collapse
surfactant
instrument used in lab to measure tidal volume
spirometer
tidal volume average
500
disorder when you stop breathing during sleep at night
sleep apnea
1 kilocalorie does what as a unit of energy
increases a kilogram of water by 1 degree celsius
what happens when you smoke and get emphysema
- alveolar walls are destroyed = decreased surface area for gas exchange
- dyspnea
ileocecal valve
the valve between the ilium and cecum (small and large intestine)
gastrointestinal reflex
GI reflex that is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach and by gastric peristalsis
what % of the air is oxygen
21%
what percent of air is nitrogen
78%
regular atmospheric pressure
760mmHg
% of CO2 carried as bicarbonate in blood
70%
