Chapter 19 - Immunological Disorders (Reversed[)

Question 1

____ is an external source of antigen.

Answer 1

Non-self Ag

Question 2

______ is an internal source of antigen.

Answer 2

Self-Ag

Question 3

Pathogens and allergens, such as pollen and dust, are examples of _______.

Answer 3

Non-self Ags

Question 4

Cells and/or tissues that belong to humans are examples of _______.

Answer 4

Self-Ags

Question 5

________ occurs when the immune system attacks itself and is an indicator of an autoimmune disease.

Answer 5

Loss of self-tolerance

Question 6

______ occurs when the immune system does not attack itself.

Answer 6

Self-tolerance

Question 7

______ is a weakened immune system or response.

Answer 7

Immunosuppression

Question 8

HIV/AIDS, medication for organ transplant, and chemotherapy can all lead to ______.

Answer 8

Immunosuppression

Question 9

________ occurs when the immune system is partially or completely absent. The absence of the immune system can be present at birth and developed later in life.

Answer 9

Immune Deficiencies

Question 10

________ occurs when the immune system is present but is either an exaggerated immune response or an altered immune response.

Answer 10

Immune Diseases

Question 11

_______ are heritable, caused by defective or missing genes and the immune system is partially or completely absent.

Answer 11

Primary Congenital Deficiencies (Immune Deficiencies)

Question 12

Defective B cells cause a decrease in Ab production

Answer 12

X-Linked Infantile (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia

Question 13

Defective Humoral Immune Response only

Answer 13

X-Linked Infantile (Bruton’s) Agammaglobulinemia

Question 14

Defective T cells lead to a decrease in functioning T cells

Answer 14

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

Question 15

Defective Cell-Mediated Immune response only

Answer 15

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

Question 16

Defective stems cells lead to a decrease in both B & T cells

Answer 16

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 17

Defective Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

Answer 17

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 18

Underdeveloped Thymus Cells

Answer 18

Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)

Question 19

Bubble Boy Disease

Answer 19

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 20

________ are non-hereditary, acquired during a person’s life, and are caused by weakening the immune system. The immune system is partially or completely absent.

Answer 20

Secondary/Acquired Deficiencies (Immune Deficiencies)

Question 21

Immune suppression medication taken by organ transplant patients to prevent rejection is a __________.

Answer 21

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

Question 22

Chemotherapy/ radiation therapy that destroys cells for cancer patients is a __________.

Answer 22

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

Question 23

An HIV infection leads to the destruction of CD4+ T cells is a ________.

Answer 23

Secondary/Acquired Deficiency

Question 24

________ is an exaggerated immune response caused by non-self Ags and occurs from a previous exposure to non-self Ags

Answer 24

Hypersensitivity Reactions (Immune Diseases)

Question 25

Antigens combine with IgE that is attached to mast cells or basophils

Answer 25

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Question 26

Mast cells degranulate and release histamines

Answer 26

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Question 27

Prolonged contraction of smooth muscle.

Answer 27

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Question 28

Blood capillaries become more permeable

Answer 28

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Question 29

Edema & erythema, difficulty breathing

Answer 29

Hypersensitivity Type I (Anaphylactic) Reactions

Question 30

_______ is caused by inhaled or ingested Ags and is treated with antihistamines. SXS are dependent on the route of entry.

Answer 30

Localized anaphylaxis (AKA allergic reaction)

Question 31

______ is caused by injected and some ingested Ags and can result in circulatory collapse and death. _____ can be treated with epinephrine (epi pen).

Answer 31

Systemic anaphylaxis (AKA anaphylactic shock)

Question 32

_______ process where Ags are inoculated below the epidemic to test for a rapid inflammatory response.

Answer 32

Skin Test

Question 33

_____ is a process that increases dosages of Ag injected beneath the skin. ______ produces IgG, which intercepts and neutralizes the Ag before reacting with IgE-bound basophil.

Answer 33

Desensitization

Question 34

Involved Ags bound to a **fixed** location

Answer 34

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Question 35

IgG/IgM target Ags on RBC or tissue cells

Answer 35

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Question 36

Cell lysis caused by complement activation

Answer 36

Hypersensitivity Type II (Cytotoxic) Reaction

Question 37

______ in involve the ABO and Rh group blood systems.

Answer 37

Transfusion Reactions

Question 38

Can receive all blood types

Answer 38

Blood Type AB

Question 39

Universal donor

Answer 39

Blood Type O

Question 40

_____ is an artificial passive immunity given to the mother 72 hrs. before delivery of the Rh+ fetus

Answer 40

RhoGAM

Question 41

________ occurs when a drug coats the cell surface, Abs are produced, and complement proteins bind to the stem region and lysis cell.

Answer 41

Drug-Induced Cytotoxic Reaction

Question 42

Involves Ags circulating in blood

Answer 42

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Question 43

Formation of circulating immune complexes in serum with excess Ag or Ab

Answer 43

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Question 44

Immune complexes lodge in basement membrane that attract neutrophils and activate complement., causing inflammation and tissue damage

Answer 44

Hypersensitivity Type III (Immune Complex) Reactions

Question 45

______ exist as a result of excess Ags.

Answer 45

Serum Sickness

Question 46

_____ exist as a result of excess Ab

Answer 46

Arthus Reaction

Question 47

_______ exists when the immune complex forms in the presence of high conc. of inj. serum Ags and low antibody conc. circulating in serum.

Answer 47

Serum Sickness

Question 48

_______ exists when the immune complex forms in the presence of vaccine Ags and high antibody conc. circulating in serum.

Answer 48

Arthus Reactions

Question 49

Delayed-hypersensitivity

Answer 49

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Question 50

Immune response caused by Td cells

Answer 50

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Question 51

release cytokines that attract macrophages that initiate tissue damage

Answer 51

Hypersensitivity Type IV (Delayed Cell-Mediated Reactions)

Question 52

Chemicals combine with proteins on the skin causing an immune response

Answer 52

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Question 53

Allergic response to poison ivy, cosmetics, metals, and latex

Answer 53

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Question 54

______ occurs when the immune system responds to self-Ags causing damage to organs, & requires a lifetime of treatment

Answer 54

Autoimmune Disease

Question 55

Abs made and target non-self protein Ag. Abs continue to be made and target anything in the body made of protein.

Answer 55

Type I Autoimmune Disease

Question 56

Abs target host cells' receptor (self-Ags)

Answer 56

Type II Autoimmune Disease

Question 57

Abs target receptors on skeletal muscle

Answer 57

Myasthenia Gravis (Type II Autoimmune Disease)

Question 58

Abs target receptors on the thyroid gland

Answer 58

Grave's Disease (Type II Autoimmune Disease)

Question 59

Immune complexes form and deposit in host tissues

Answer 59

Type III Autoimmune Disease

Question 60

immune complexes form & lodge in the kidneys

Answer 60

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Type III Autoimmune Disease)

Question 61

immune complexes form & lodge in the joints

Answer 61

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Type III Autoimmune Disease)

Question 62

T cell-mediated destruction of self-cells

Answer 62

Type IV Autoimmune Disease

Question 63

T cell destruction of neurons (myelin)

Answer 63

Multiple Sclerosis (Type IV Autoimmune Disease)

Question 64

T cell destruction of insulin-secreting cells (pancreas)

Answer 64

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type I Disease (Type IV Autoimmune Disease)