Chapter 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs [Reveresed]

Question 1

the use of chemical to treat a disease

Answer 1

chemotherapy

Question 2

first scientist to use a chemical to treat disease (Syphilis)

Answer 2

Paul Ehrlich

Question 3

substance that interferes with microbial growth

Answer 3

Antimicrobial agent

Question 4

agent that affects a small group of microbes

Answer 4

Narrow-Spectrum Drugs

Question 5

agent that affects a wide variety of microbes

Answer 5

Broad-Spectrum Drugs

Question 6

Selective toxicity, spectrum of action, effective doses, delivery/effective penetration and retention are all _____

Answer 6

Criteria for ideal microbial drug

Question 7

Antibacterial drugs target _______

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

Antimycobacterial drugs target _______

Answer 8

Genus Mycobacterium

Question 9

Antimycotic drug target _______

Answer 9

Fungi

Question 10

Antiviral drug target _______

Answer 10

Viruses

Question 11

Anti-retroviral drugs target __________

Answer 11

Retroviridae family

Question 12

Antimalarial/antiprotozoal drugs target _______

Answer 12

Genus Plasmodium

Question 13

Anthelminthic drugs target ______

Answer 13

parasites that are worms

Question 14

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Natural and Narrow spectrum drugs derived from fungus

Answer 14

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Natural PCN)

Question 15

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Semisynthetic components

Answer 15

Drug type: Antibacterial
Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)

Question 16

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Natural & synthetic components and resistant to penicillinase

Answer 16

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Semisynthetic PCN)

Question 17

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Narrow spectrum drug that is effective towards gram (+) bacteria

Answer 17

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Penicillin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

misc. (Natural PCN)

Question 18

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Broad spectrum drug derived from fungus

Answer 18

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Cephalosporin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 19

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Penicillinase-resistant and classified into generations

Answer 19

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Cephalosporin

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 20

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Topical application for ABX-resistant MRSA

Answer 20

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Polypeptide

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 21

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Staphylococcal aureus

Answer 21

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: Polypeptide

MOA: Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 22

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

treatment of Tuberculosis

Answer 22

Drug type: Antimycobacterial

Family: Antimycobacterial

MOA: Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis of Genus Mycobacterium

Question 23

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Combination of other ABX in Topical form against Gram (-)

Answer 23

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Changes bacteria plasma membrane permeability

Question 24

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action:

Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis

Answer 24

Drug type: Antibacterial

Family: x

MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

Question 25

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Inhibits DNA synthesis/replication

Answer 25

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

Question 26

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Inhibits RNA synthesis and used to treat Tuberculosis

Answer 26

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: Quinolone & Fluoroquinolone MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

Question 27

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: binds to ribosomes & inhibits peptide bond formation

Answer 27

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: x MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis

Question 28

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Causes auditory damage

Answer 28

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: Aminoglycoside MOA: Inhibition of protein synthesis (Changes shape of ribosome -> mRNA read incorrectly)

Question 29

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: suppress normal intestinal microbiota & teeth discoloration

Answer 29

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: x MOA: Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis (Interferes with tRNA attachment)

Question 30

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: broad spectrum drug that is a combination of other ABX that compete with enzyme to synthesize folic acid

Answer 30

Drug type: Antibacterial Family: Sulfonamide ("Sulfa" drugs) MOA: Competitive inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis (antimetabolites compete with normal substrates for an enzyme)

Question 31

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Used for systemic fungal infections and is toxic to the kidneys

Answer 31

Drug type: Antimycotic Family: x MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

Question 32

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Uses for local infections with low specificity & toxic side effects

Answer 32

Drug type: Antimycotic Family: "Azoles" MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

Question 33

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Athletes foot

Answer 33

Drug type: Antimycotic Family: "Azoles" MOA: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes

Question 34

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Influenza

Answer 34

Drug type: Antiviral Family: x MOA: Block receptors on the host cell mem. that bind to virus and prevent uncoating

Question 35

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Management of Herpes infections

Answer 35

Drug type: Antiviral Family: x MOA: Inhibition of viral DNA or RNA synthesis

Question 36

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Prevents spread of virus to uninfected neighboring host cells

Answer 36

Drug type: Antiviral Family: x MOA: Promotes interferon production

Question 37

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Treatment for Viral Hepatitis

Answer 37

Drug type: Antiviral Family: x MOA: Promotes interferon production

Question 38

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Management of HIV/AIDS

Answer 38

Drug type: Antiretroviral Family: x MOA: Reverse transcription and Fusion inhibitors

Question 39

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Prevention and Treatment of Malaria

Answer 39

Drug type: Antimalarial (Antiparasitic) Family: x MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis & multiplication of Plasmodium parasite

Question 40

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Treatment for Giardiasis, Amoebic Dysentery, and Trichomoniasis

Answer 40

Drug type: Antiprotozoal (Antiparasitic) Family: x MOA: Interferes with anaerobic metabolism

Question 41

Name the type of drug, family and mechanism of action: Treatment for intestinal helminthic infections

Answer 41

Drug type: Antihelminthic (Antiparasitic) Family: x MOA: Inhibition of nutrient absorption in intestinal worms & paralysis (neuromuscular blockade) of helminths

Question 42

________ test the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents on agar plates.

Answer 42

Disk-Diffusion method

Question 43

Zone of inhibition

Answer 43

Disk-Diffusion method

Question 44

determines ABX sensitivity & minimal inhibitory concentration

Answer 44

E-Test

Question 45

lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that inhibits microbial growth

Answer 45

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 46

determine the MIC & minimal bactericidal concentration of a antimicrobial drug

Answer 46

Broth Dilution Test

Question 47

lowest antimicrobial drug concentration that kills microbes

Answer 47

minima bactericidal concentration (MBC)

Question 48

Microbe placed in wells of diluted drugs to determine growth

Answer 48

Broth Dilution Test

Question 49

Bacterial strains that are resistant to large numbers of ABX

Answer 49

Superbugs

Question 50

MRSA/ VRSA, VRE, and MDR/XDR are all _____.

Answer 50

Superbugs

Question 51

Heritable gene mutation passes down to generation of bacteria and resistance genes spread via the pilus from donor to recipient bacteria are ways that ___________.

Answer 51

drug resistance is caused in microbes

Question 52

Over-prescribing or giving the wrong ABX, using outdated or weakened ABX, using ABX in animal feed, failing to complete the prescribed regiment, and using someone else's leftover prescription are all examples of ________.

Answer 52

ABX misuse