Chapter 19 Overview

Question 1

disease that is caused by abnormal and excessive growth of cells in the body

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

new growths that arise from normal tissue

Answer 2

tumors (neoplasms)

Question 3

capable of invasion and spread to surrounding or more distant sites

Answer 3

malignant

Question 4

noninvasive and not spreading to other sites

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

benign tumors grow slowly or rapidly

Answer 5

slowly

Question 6

malignant tumor cells grow slowly or rapidly

Answer 6

rapidly

Question 7

contained within a fibrous capsule or covrt

Answer 7

encapsulated

Question 8

benign tumors are often ________

Answer 8

encapsulated

Question 9

malignant tumors characteristically are ______ and _______

Answer 9

invasive and infiltrative

Question 10

stain excessively with dyes that recognize genetic material (DNA)

Answer 10

hyperchromatic

Question 11

malignant transformation results from damage to what?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

cell division

Answer 12

mitosis

Question 13

each DNA piece

Answer 13

gene

Question 14

DNA stops making normal codes that allow the cells to carry on the function of differentiating mature cells

Answer 14

anaplastic

Question 15

found in a variety of products and drugs

Answer 15

chemical carcinogens

Question 16

consists of waves of energy

Answer 16

radiation

Question 17

programmed cell death

Answer 17

apoptosis

Question 18

ras

Answer 18

colon cancer

Question 19

myc

Answer 19

lymphoma

Question 20

abl

Answer 20

chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 21

premalignant polyps that grow in the colon and rectum

Answer 21

adenomatous polypsis coli syndrome

Question 22

cancerous tumor arising from grandular cells lining the stomach

Answer 22

gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 23

embryonic connective tissue from which sarcomas are derived

Answer 23

mesenchymal tissue

Question 24

tumors derived from bone marrow

Answer 24

leukemias and multiple myelomas

Question 25

tumors derived from immune cells of the lymphatic system

Answer 25

lymphomas

Question 26

glial cells within the brain and other cell of the nervous system give rise to malignancies such as....

Answer 26

gliomas and neuroblastomas

Question 27

tumors that are derived from tissue that is capable of differentiating into both epithelial and connective tissue

Answer 27

mixed-tissue tumors

Question 28

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

Answer 28

cystic

Question 29

mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface

Answer 29

fungating

Question 30

having the features of inflammation

Answer 30

inflammatory

Question 31

large, soft, fleshy tumors

Answer 31

medullary

Question 32

containing dead tissue

Answer 32

necrotic

Question 33

growths that form projections extending outward from a base

Answer 33

polypoid

Question 34

characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

Answer 34

ulcerating

Question 35

resembling a wart-like growth

Answer 35

verrucous

Question 36

tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

Answer 36

alveolar

Question 37

referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures

Answer 37

carcinoma in situ

Question 38

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

Answer 38

diffuse

Question 39

containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

Answer 39

epidermoid

Question 40

forming small glandular sacs

Answer 40

follicular

Question 41

forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projection of cells

Answer 41

papillary

Question 42

composed of a variety of types of cells

Answer 42

pleomorphic

Question 43

densly packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue

Answer 43

scirrhous

Question 44

lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

Answer 44

undifferentiated

Question 45

size and degree of local extension

Answer 45

T

Question 46

number of regional lymph nodes invaded by tumor cells

Answer 46

N

Question 47

spread of tumor cells to distant sites

Answer 47

M