Chapter 19-reproduction and development

Question 1

what is the reproductive system

Answer 1

the reproductive system is a group of tissue and organs that enables the male and female reproductive cells to join and form new offspring

Question 2

what is sperm

Answer 2

the male reproductive cell

Question 3

what is an egg

Answer 3

the female reproductive cell

Question 4

what is conception

Answer 4

during reproduction, one sperm will join with an egg, usually within the female reproductive system

Question 5

what is the function of the male reproductive system

Answer 5

its function is to produce and transport sperm to the female reproductive system

Question 6

where is sperm produced

Answer 6

in the testes

Question 7

what do the testes produce

Answer 7

produce sperm and testosterone

Question 8

what do the testes control

Answer 8

control physical development of boys to men (facial hair, deeper voice, broading shoulders, ect)

Question 9

what is the scrotum

Answer 9

external pouch for testes

Question 10

what does the scrotum do

Answer 10

keep the testes 2-3 degrees cooler than body temp need for sperm development

Question 11

what is the sperm duct

Answer 11

a tube that connects to the testes and stores sperm

Question 12

where do the sperm mature and develope the ability to swim (epididymis)

Answer 12

sperm duct

Question 13

what is semen

Answer 13

a mixture of sperm fluid and nutrients

Question 14

why is nutrients necessary in the sperm

Answer 14

nutrients provide sperm the energy to swim

Question 15

what is a penis

Answer 15

a tubelike structure that delivers sperm to the female reproductive system

Question 16

what is the urethra

Answer 16

the tube where semon or urine can exit the body

Question 17

why do muscles in the penis contract

Answer 17

muscles contract to deliver either one, but not both semon or urine

Question 18

when does sperm production begin

Answer 18

sperm production begins during teen years and can continue throughout a mans life

Question 19

can inmature sperm join with an egg

Answer 19

no, only mature sperm can join with the egg

Question 20

what are the three main parts of a sperm called

Answer 20

the head, midpiece, and tail

Question 21

what does the head of a sperm contain

Answer 21

contains DNA and substances that help it join with an egg

Question 22

what does the midpeice of a sperm contain

Answer 22

contains mitocondria that releases energy

Question 23

what enables movment of the sperm tail

Answer 23

the midpeice

Question 24

what does the tail of a sperm do

Answer 24

moves the sperm with whip-like motions

Question 25

how much sperm does each drop of semon contain

Answer 25

5-10 milion sperm

Question 26

how many sperms can join the egg

Answer 26

only 1 sperm

Question 27

what is the function of the famale reproductive system

Answer 27

is to produce mature eggs and to protect and nourish offspring until birth

Question 28

how is the famle reproductive system unlike the male reproductive system

Answer 28

all the female reproductive parts are internal (males have internal and external)

Question 29

how big are ovaries

Answer 29

around the size of an almond, each

Question 30

what are ovaries

Answer 30

an organ where oocytes-immature eggs- are stores and mature

Question 31

what are oocytes

Answer 31

immature eggs

Question 32

when mature, oocytes become what?

Answer 32

become eggs or ovum

Question 33

what is ovulation

Answer 33

about once a month one of the ovaries will release a mature egg, which is ovulation, the egg alternate from side to side

Question 34

what does ovulation also produce

Answer 34

also produce the hormones, estrogen and progesterone that controls ovulation and the development of female traits ex: breast development, body shape, body hair

Question 35

what is the fallopian tube

Answer 35

pathway from the ovary to the uterus (usuall state offertilization)

Question 36

what does the fallopian tube contain

Answer 36

contains cilla to help sweep the egg along

Question 37

what is the uterus

Answer 37

a hollow, muscular organ where a baby developes

Question 38

how big is the uterus

Answer 38

normally, about the size of a pear

Question 39

during pregnancy what does the uterus provide

Answer 39

provides a nourishing environment for the fertilized egg (during which the size of the uterus increases dramatically)

Question 40

how much can the uterus increase in size

Answer 40

can go from 20oz to 2lbs, volume increases from 10ml to 2-10 literes at full term

Question 41

what is the lower portion of the uterus called

Answer 41

the cervix (narrows at the bottom)

Question 42

what happens to the cervix during pregnancy

Answer 42

the cervix will sel of during pregnancy to protect the developing baby

Question 43

what is the vagina

Answer 43

the opening to the outside of the body

Question 44

where does the sperm enter the female reproduction system through

Answer 44

through the vagina -aka- birth canal

Question 45

what is the shape and size of eggs when mature

Answer 45

large and round and around 2000x the size of a sperm

Question 46

what do eggs contain

Answer 46

DNA and nutrients

Question 47

in the ovary, what are the oocygytes surrounded by that release hormones to help it mature into an egg

Answer 47

surrounded by follicle eggs

Question 48

what is the menstural cycle

Answer 48

the monthly cycle of changes in a woman's body as it prepares for pregenacy

Question 49

what is the menstural cycle causes by

Answer 49

cause by hormonal disease

Question 50

how long does the menstural cycle last

Answer 50

lasts an average of 28 days (varies from person to person)

Question 51

what are the 3 phases of the menstural cycle

Answer 51

menstration, uterus thickens, and preperation for pregnancy

Question 52

what is menstration

Answer 52

when tissues, fluid and blood cells from the uterus pass through the vagina and are removed from the body

Question 53

what happens in phase 2 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 53

the uterus thickens and immature oocytes start to mature and one (or more) will fully mature and be released

Question 54

what happens near the end of phase 2 of the menstural cycle

Answer 54

ovulation occurs

Question 55

what causes a mature egg to be released from an ovary

Answer 55

hormones

Question 56

what is endometrium

Answer 56

tissue lining that will nourish a fertilized egg

Question 57

what is fertilization

Answer 57

the process of egg and sperm joining itself into the uterine wall for development

Question 58

in phase 3 of the mentural cycle, what happens when fertilization does not occur

Answer 58

the endometrium will break down and the menstural cycle will repeat

Question 59

what is menopause

Answer 59

the time when the menstural cycle stops, an older female will stop releasing eggs dur to a drop in hormone production

Question 60

when does menopause usually occur

Answer 60

45-50 years

Question 61

does the reproductive system maintain homesostasis

Answer 61

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