Chapter 19 respiratory with images Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
plasma
A
liquid portion of blood
2
Q
formed elements
A
cells/cell fragments suspended in plasma
3
Q
base
A
Blood is a(n) ____. (7.35-7.45 pH)
4
Q
7.35-7.45
A
pH level of blood.
5
Q
acidosis
A
blood pH level of less than 7.35
6
Q
cell saver
A
blood from your body lost in surgery is put back in you afterwards
7
Q
antigen
A
substances that stimulate the creation of antibodies
8
Q
antibody
A
substance formed when an antigen stimulates it to be formed
9
Q
agglutination
A
when an antigen and antibody react together and clump
10
Q
B
A
Type A blood will have anti- __ antibodies.
11
Q
A or O
A
Type A blood will not have anti- __ antibodies.
12
Q
A
A
Type B blood will have anti- __ antigens.
13
Q
B or O
A
Type B blood will not have anti- __ antigens.
14
Q
A and B
A
Type O blood will have anti- __ antigens.
15
Q
O
A
Type O blood will not have anti- __ antigens.
16
Q
O
A
Type __ blood is the universal donor.
17
Q
AB
A
Type __ blood is the universal recipient.
18
Q
positive
A
Rh factor present
19
Q
negative
A
Rh factor not present
20
Q
erythroblastosis fetalis
A
Mother is Rh neg., Father is Rh pos. Mother may reject baby in the womb.
21
Q
RhoGam
A
shot given to mother who is Rh negative when the father is Rh positive
22
Q
prothrombin
A
What are the examples of plasma proteins?
23
Q
albumin
A
helps thicken blood, give it viscosity
24
Q
globulin
A
carry antibodies to fight infection
25
fibrinogen and prothrombin
plasma proteins that help blood clot
26
blood serum
plasma minus the clotting factors
27
Platelets
3 types of formed elements:
28
erythrocyte
name for red blood cells
29
leukocyte
name for white blood cells
30
thrombocyte
name for platelets
31
granular leukocytes
WBCs with granules in their cytoplasm
32
agranular leukocytes
WBCs with no granules in their cytoplasm
33
eosinophils
types of granular leukocytes
34
monocytes
types of agranular leukocytes
35
neutrophil
granular leukocyte that carries out phagocytosis
36
eosinophil
granular leukocyte that defends against parasites
37
basophil
granular leukocyte that secretes heparin and function as a part of the inflammatory response
38
heparin
prevents blood from clotting
39
lymphocyte
agranular leukocyte that has B-lymphs or T-lymphs
40
B-lymphocyte
lymphocyte that produces antibodies
41
T-lymphocyte
lymphocyte that helps with immune response
42
monocyte
agranular lymphocyte that performs phagocytosis and is an important part of the immune response
43
platelet
formed element necessary for clotting
44
120 days
lifespan of a red blood cell
45
lymphatic tissue
tissues that go thru hematopoeisis
46
liver
organs that dispose of broken cells
47
aspiration biopsy cytology
diagnosis technique where myloid tissue is drawn out and examined
48
stem cells
unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop sometimes taken from the umbilical cord
49
biconcave
RBC' s are what shape?
50
more surface area and more flexibility
Why are RBCs biconcave?
51
no nucleus or cytoplasm
Why can't RBCs reproduce themselves?
52
hemoglobin
red oxygen-carrying pigment in erythrocytes
53
normacytic
state of normal-sized cells
54
microcytic
state of smaller-sized cells
55
macrocytic
state of larger-sized cells
56
normachromic
state of normal-colored cells
57
hypochromic
state of paler-colored cells; deficient of hemoglobin
58
hyperchromic
state of darker-colored cells; too much hemoglobin
59
oxyhemoglobin
formed when hemoglobin binds with oxygen
60
carbominohemoglobin
formed when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen and binds with the waste carbon dioxide
61
hematocrit level
tells you the volume of RBCs
62
buffy coat
White cells and platelets settled between formed cells and plasma
63
polycythemia
overproduction of RBCs
64
anemia
underproduction of RBCs or hemoglobin
65
polycythemia
causes hemorrhages, hypertension, coagulation problems, clot formation, and overdistension of vessels
66
polycythemia
treated by bleeding patient ever so often, removing bone marrow, or radiation treatment
67
anemia
causes fatigue, weakness, sickness, paleness
68
hemorrhagic anemia
decrease in RBCs b/c of major blood loss
69
acute
___ hemorrhagic anemia usually cmes from trauma or surgery and can be easily resolved.
70
chronic
___ hemorrhagic anemia usually comes from cancer or an ulcer and can only be resolved if the underlying cause is found and eliminated
71
aplastic anemia
low RBC count and destruction of bone marrow after exposure to dangerous chemicals such as mercury or benzyne
72
deficiency anemia
caused by inadequate supply of a substance that helps create RBCs or hemoglobin
73
pernicious anemia
deficiency anemia caused by malfunction of stomach lining, autoimmunity, or genetics; not enough B12 Vitamin
74
iron deficiency anemia
body does not get enough iron, which is vital to the creation of hemoglobin
75
microcytic
When a body has an iron deficiency, its RBCs will be ____ and ____.
76
hemolytic anemia
decrease in RBC lifespan that causes broken RBC pieces to build up; spleen will swell, liver impairment, gall stones
77
jaundice
a type of hemolytic anemia in babies that causes their skin to turn orangish from the build up of pigment
78
sickle cell anemia
abnormal hemoglobin causes premature destruction of RBCs
79
thalassemia
abnormal hemoglobin produces abnormal numbers of strange-shaped RBCs
80
thalassemia minor
carries the trait for thalassemia; will have chronic anemia
81
thalassemia major
has thalassemia disease; RBCs quickly destroyed, body is deprived of oxygen, bone marrow swells and can cripple
82
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic anemia in babies
83
leukocytosis
abnormally high WBC count; over 10 thousand WBCs per cubic mm; occurs b/c of bacterial infection or blood cancers
84
leukopenia
abnormally low WBC count; under 5 thousand WBCs per cubic mm; occurs b/c of immune disorder like AIDS
85
lymphoid neoplasm
cancer of blood arising from lymphocytes
86
myeloid neoplasm
cancer of blood arising from monocytes, platelets, and RBCs
87
multiple myeloma
cancer of B-lymphocytes known as plasma cells; constantly fighting infection; defective antibodies; frail bones; no treatment
88
leukemia
characterized by leukocytosis of over 100,000 WBCs per cubic mm
89
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
most common btwn. 62-65 yrs of age; mild symptoms if any; severe cases treated with chemo
90
acute lymphocytic leukemia
disease in children 5-7; highly curable; fever, infection, bone pain, swollen lymphnodes and spleen; treated with chemo(85-100% survival rate)
91
chronic myeloid leukemia
25-60 yrs old; fatigue, weight loss; abnormally high level of granulocytic WBCs and enlarged spleen
92
Gleevec
treatment for seeking out abnormal myloid tissue and blocking it
93
acute myeloid leukemia
quick symptoms: spongy bleeding gums, bone and joint pain; poor prognosis
94
mononucleosis
virus found in saliva of infected person; leukocytosis of 12-18 thousand; large atypical lymphocytes; fever, enlarged lymphnodes/spleen; sore throat; resolved in 4-6 weeks
95
prothrombin activator
formed when clotting factor from damaged tissue and clotting factors from plasma react together
96
thrombin
formed from prothrombin when prothrombin activator reacts with clotting factors from the platelet plug
97
fibrin
formed when thrombin reacts with fibrinogen
98
Vitamin K
What vitamin stimulates the liver to produce thrombin?
99
anti-coagulant
blood thinner, given after clot is formed
100
heparin
shot form of anti-coagulant
101
coumadin (warfarin)
pill form of anti-coagulant
102
tissue plasminogen activators
dissolve clot; given during a heart attack
103
thrombus
clot that stays where it was formed
104
embolus
clot that breaks away from area it was formed and travels thru the circ. system
105
hemophilia
disorder resulting from not producing one or more of the clotting factors
106
hemophilia A
royal disease; lacks factor VIII; bleeding joints; can cripple
107
Thrombocytopenia
around 15,000 platelet count (normal: 150,000) complete body bleeding; caused by mechanical destruction of platelets by way of heart valves or chemicals
