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Anatomy midterm #3 > Chapter 19 Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Special Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure responsible for olfaction?

A

Nose/nasal cavity
-Olfactory epithelium

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2
Q

What is the structure responsible for gustation?

A

Tongue

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3
Q

What is the function of the olfactory epithelium?

A

Sense smells and send signal to brain

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4
Q

What is the function of the toungue?

A

Sense tastes

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5
Q

What is the receptor for olfaction and its function?

A

Olfactory receptor cell
detect odour

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6
Q

What is the structure of the Olfactory receptor cell?

A

Supporting cells: Support/Nourish receptor
Basal cells: Replace worn-out cells
Bowman’s gland: produce mucous and dissolve odorant molecules

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7
Q

What is the receptor for Gustation and its function?

A

Taste buds
Detect five different tastes
-sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

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8
Q

What is the structure of the taste bud?

A

Supporting cell: support/nourish receptor
Basal cell: replace worn-out cells
Taste pore
Gustatory microvilli

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9
Q

What is papillae?

A

elevations on the tongue housing taste buds

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10
Q

How many types of papillae are there, and their names?

A

4 total

  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Vallate (circular)
  4. Foliate
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11
Q

What is filiform papillae?

A

Don’t have any taste buds.
Contain tactile receptors
Function: Increase friction

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12
Q

What is Fungiform papillae?

A

5 taste buds in each
-Over entire surface
-Mushroom shaped

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13
Q

What is Vallate papillae?

A

100-300 taste buds in each
Form inverted V at back of tongue

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14
Q

What is Foliate papillae?

A

Depart in early childhood
lateral margins

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15
Q

What are the 7 accessory eye structures?

A
  1. Eyebrows
  2. Eyelashes
  3. Eyelids
  4. Tarsal glands
  5. Palpebral fissure
  6. Palpebral commissures
  7. Lacrimal Caruncle
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16
Q

What are the eyebrows function and structure?

A

Prevent sweat from dripping into eye
Hairs along superior orbital ridge

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17
Q

What are the eyelashes function and structure?

A

Prevent large objects from entering the eye
hairs on margins of eyelids

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18
Q

What are the eyelids function and structure?

A

protect eye
Movable anterior coverings for eye

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19
Q

What are the Tarsal glands function and structure?

A

Secrete substance that prevents tears from overflowing or sticking eyelids together
Sabecous glands in the eyelids

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20
Q

What are the Palpebral fissure functions and structure?

A

Protection
Space between eyelids

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21
Q

What is the palpebral commissures structure?

A

Lateral and medial corner of the eye

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22
Q

What are the Lacrimal caruncle function and structure?

A

Produce gritty solution
Medial pink bump containing ciliary glands

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23
Q

What are the 2 cavities of the eye and what do they contain?

A
  1. Anterior cavity
    -Aqueous humor (circulating)
  2. Posterior Cavity
    -Vitreous humor (permanent)
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24
Q

Aqueous humor circulation

A

Secreted by ciliary processes, enters posterior chamber, goes through pupil into the anterior chamber and excess is reabsorbed via scleral venous sinus.

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25
What are the 3 layers/tunics of the eye?
1. Fibrous 2. Vascular 2. Inner layer
26
What structures belong to the Fibrous tunic?
Sclera Cornea Scleral venous sinus
27
Sclera function:
-Support/protect eye -maintain shape -muscle attachment area
28
Cornea function:
-directs light rays
29
Scleral venous sinus function:
-Drains excess aqueous humor
30
What structures belong to the vascular tunic?
Choroid Ciliary body iris Pupil lens
31
Choroid function:
Has melanocytes
32
Ciliary body function:
contains melanocytes aqueous humor suspensory ligaments attachment site
33
Iris function:
Coloured part of eye, two smooth muscles controls pupil
34
Pupil function:
Regulates how much light enters eye
35
Lens function:
Refraction bends light rays
36
What is the inner layer?
the retina
37
What structures belong to the retina?
Macula lutea Fovea centralis Optic disc
38
What is the fovea centralis?
Area of sharpest vision Is located within the macula lutea Concentrated are aof cones NO RODS
39
What is the optic disc?
The blind spot no cones or rods where ganglion cell axons exit to the optic nerve where blood vessels enter/exit the retina
40
What are the 2 layers of the retina?
1. Pigmented layer 2. Neural layer (sensory)
41
What is the pigmented layer?
Has melanin melanin absorbs stray ligth rays
42
What 3 layers form the neural layer of the retina?
1. Photoreceptor layer 2. Bipolar layer 3. Ganglion layer
43
What is the Photoreceptor layer?
Outermost layer contains rods and cones
44
Rods VS Cones
Rods: Dim light, no colour, higher quantity, Cones: Bright light, precise vision, colour, fovea centralis
45
What is the Bipolar layer?
Bipolar cells synapse with photorecepotors and ganglion cells Contains horizontal cells
46
What are horizontal cells?
Between photoreceptors and bipolar cells
47
What is the ganglion layer?
Inner most layer Area where ganglionic axons leave forms optic nerve contains Amacrine cells
48
What are amacrine cells?
Between bipolar cells and ganglion cells
49
What are the 3 regions of the ear?
External, middle, inner
50
What is the function of each region of the ear?
External: Collects sound waves Middle: Transmits/amplyfies sound waves to oval window Inner: Has receptors for hearing and equilibrium
51
What structures make up the external ear?
Auricle/Pinna External auditory canal Ceruminous glands Tympanic membrane
52
What structures make up the middle ear?
Auditory ossicles Tensor tympani muscle Stapdius muscle Auditory/eustachian tube
53
What are the auditory ossicles?
-Small bones amplify sound waves` Malleus Incus Stapes
54
How do the auditory ossicles articulate with each other?
Head of malleus articulates with Incus Incus articulates with stapes Stapes footplate fits into oval window
55
What is the inner ear divided into?
The bony part and the Inner membranous labyrinth
56
What is the Inner membranous labyrinth?
-Section enclosed by the bony part Consists of endolymph, which houses hearing and equilibrium receptors
57
What 3 parts make up the bony part?
1. Semicircular canals 2. Vestibule (Utricle and saccule) 3. Cochlea
58
What is the primary function of the vestibular apparatus?
Vestibular apparatus = Semicircular canals and Vestibule FUnction = Equilibrium
59
What kind of equilibrium are the semicircular canals responsible for?
Dynamic/Rotational equilibrium -Circular/Sudden movement
60
What kind of equilibrium are the saccule and utricle responsible for?
Static/Linear equilibrium Linear motion. relative to gravity, horizontal and vertical
61
What structures make up the vestibule (Utricle and saccule)?
Macula Olitiths Otilithic membrane
62
What is the macula?
Sense organ of the utricle and saccule House receptors
63
What structures make up the Semicircular canals?
Semicircular ducts: 3 ducts total each have -Ampulla -Crista -Cupula
64
What is the Crista ampullaris?
Part of semicircular canal that houses receptor cells (Hair cells)
65
What are the 3 channels of the cochlea?
1. Cochlear duct 2. Scala Vestibuli 3. Scala tympani
66
What fluid is in the Cochlea?
Perilymph (Rest of inner ear is endolymph)
67
What is the cochlear duct?
Houses the organ for hearing, the organ of corti/spiral organ
68
What is the function of the spiral organ?
-Houses receptors and responsible for transduction
69
What is the Spiral organ's structure?
-vestibular membrane -basilar membrane -Sterocilia and kinocilium -spiral ganglion -tectorial membrane
70
What cranial nerve is for olfaction?
CN I Olcatory nerve
71
What cranial nerve is for taste?
CN VII Facial CN IX Glossopharyngeal CN X Vagus
72
What cranial nerve is for vision?
CN II Optic
73
What cranial nerve is for hearing?
CN VIII Vestibulocochlear
74
What part of the brain processes smell?
Temporal lobe
75
What part of the brain processes taste?
Insula of the cerebral cortex
76
What part of the brain processes vision?
Occipital lobe
77
What part of the brain processes hearing?
Temporal lobe

Anatomy midterm #3 (6 decks)

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