Chapter 22 Heart

Question 1

Location of the Heart?

Answer 1

Located left of the midline posterior to sternum in the mediastinum

Question 2

Characteristics of the heart?

Answer 2

4 chambered, 2 pumps side-by-side, center of the cardiovascular system. Blood flows unidirectional

Question 3

Functions of the heart?

Answer 3

Pump blood to lungs
Deliver oxygenated blood to body
Generate blood pressure

Question 4

What are the markings of the heart?

Answer 4

Sulci, make boundaries between 2 chambers

Question 5

What are the 3 major sulci?

Answer 5

1. Coronary sulcus
2. Anterior interventricular sulcus
3. Posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 6

What boundary does the coronary sulcus make?

Answer 6

Boundary between superior atria and nferior ventricles

Question 7

What boundary does the Anterior Interventricular sulcus make?

Answer 7

Boundary between Left and Right ventricles on the anterior side

Question 8

What boundary does the posterior Interventricular sulcus make?

Answer 8

boundary between left and right ventricles on posterior side

Question 9

What structures make up the Heart wall?

Answer 9

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium. Enclosed by pericardium

Question 10

What is the epicardium?

Answer 10

Most superficial layer
Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 11

What is the myocardium?

Answer 11

Middle layer
Made of cardiac muscle, thickest

Question 12

What is the endocardium?

Answer 12

Deepest layer
Is the internal surface of the heart chambers

Question 13

Gross anatomy of the heart

Answer 13

4 chambers
-2 atria
-2 ventricles
Aorta and vena cava

Question 14

Internal anatomy of heart: Right atrium structures?

Answer 14

receives deoxygenated and superior vena cava
-coranary sinus
Contains:
pectinate muscles
Interatrial septum
Fossa ovalis
Tricuspid valve

Question 15

Internal anatomy of heart: Right ventricle structures?

Answer 15

receives deoxygenated blood from RA
contains:
Trabeculae carnae
Chordae tendinae
papillary muscle
Septomarginal trabecula
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk/arteries

Question 16

Internal anatomy of heart: Left atrium structures?

Answer 16

Receives oxygeneated blood from lungs/pulmonary veins
Contains: Bicuspid/Mitral valve

Question 17

Internal anatomy of heart: Left ventricle structures?

Answer 17

Receives oxygenated blood from LA
Contains:
Conus Arteriosus
Trabeculae carnae
chordinae tendinae
aortic valve

Question 18

What are the pectinate muscles?

Answer 18

Located in right atrium:
Internal smooth muscular ridges on atrial wall

Question 19

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 19

foramen ovale during fatal development

Question 20

What is trabeculae carnae?

Answer 20

in ventricles
Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers

Question 21

What is chordinae tendinae?

Answer 21

In ventricles
Strands of collagen

Question 22

What is papillary muscle?

Answer 22

cone-shaped muscle projections

Question 23

What is the septomarginal trabecula?

Answer 23

Secures papillary muscle to interventricular septum

Question 24

differences between atria and ventricles?

Answer 24

ATRIA= thinner and generate less pressure
VENTRICLES= thicker and generate greater pressure

Question 25

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart? (structure and function)

Answer 25

4 rings Prevent valves overstretching, secure valves to heart wall, insertion points for cardiac muscle bundles and electrical insulation

Question 26

What are the 4 rings

Answer 26

1. Pulmonary fibrous 2. Aortic fibrous 3. Right AV fibrous 4. Left AV fibrous

Question 27

What are the functions of the valves in the heart?

Answer 27

Unidirectional blood flow Prevent backflow

Question 28

What are the 2 types of valves?

Answer 28

1. Atrioventricular 2. Semilunar

Question 29

What are the two AV valves?

Answer 29

1. Tricuspid (right) RA-->RV 2. Bicuspid (left) LA-->LV

Question 30

What are the two semilunar valves?

Answer 30

1. Pulmonary RV-->Pulomonary arteries 2. Aortic LV-->Aorta

Question 31

What is the purpose of coronary circulation?

Answer 31

Supplies cardiac muscle (Myocardium) with oxygenated blood.

Question 32

Names of coronary arteries?

Answer 32

Right branch: Right marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery Left branch: Anterior interventricular artery Circumflex artery

Question 33

What part of heart does the marginal artery supply blood to?

Answer 33

Right border of heart

Question 34

What part of the heart does the Posterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

Answer 34

Posterior surfaces of Left and Right ventricles

Question 35

What parts of the heart does the Anterior interventricular artery supply blood to?

Answer 35

Anterior surfaces of L/R ventricles Interventricular septum

Question 36

What part of the heart does the Circumflex artery supply blood to?

Answer 36

left atrium and left ventricle

Question 37

What are the 3 major coronary VEINS?

Answer 37

Coronary sinus branches out into: Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein and Small cardiac vein

Question 38

What is the function of the conduction system?

Answer 38

Heart can create own rhythm -Initiate pace of heart beat

Question 39

What cells are part of the contraction system?

Answer 39

Autorhythmic (less than 1%) Contractile (99%) Autorythmic sells send electrical impulses to contractile cells

Question 40

What are the components of the conduction system?

Answer 40

SA node -Sinoatrial Located in the rigth atrium Pacemaker of the heart AV node -Atrioventricular Located in interventricular septum Works with Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

Question 41

Conduction system sequence?

Answer 41

1. SA node -generates impulse (pacemaker) 2. AV node impulse conduction 3. Bundle of His impulse conduction 4. Purkinje fibers impulse conduction

Question 42

Function of AV node?

Answer 42

controls electrical impulses from atria to ventricles

Question 43

Bundle of His function?

Answer 43

assists in controlling the contraction of atria and ventricles

Question 44

Purkinje fibers function?

Answer 44

assists in controlling the contraction of ventricles