Chapter 25 Respiration

Question 1

Overall functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

-Gas exchange and transport
-gas conditioning
-Filter inhaled air
-Vocalization
-Olfactory
-Defense
-Eliminate extra water/heat in exhaled air

Question 2

What are the two tracts of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

-Upper Respiratory Tract
-Lower respiratory Tract

Question 3

Organs/structures belonging to URT

Answer 3

-Nose/nasal cavity
-Paranasal sinus
-Pharynx
-Larynx
-Associated structures

Question 4

Organs/structures belonging to LRT

Answer 4

-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs

Question 5

What are the two zones of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

-Conducting zone
-Respiratory zone

Question 6

Organs/structures belong to the Conducting zone.

Answer 6

-nose/nasal cavity
-Pharynx
-larynx
-Trachea
-bronchi
-bronchioles
-terminal bronchioles

Question 7

What is the function of the conducting zone?

Answer 7

Filter, warm, moisten and conduct air into lungs

Question 8

Organs/structures belong to the respiratory zone.

Answer 8

-Respiratory bronchioles
-Alveolar ducts
-Alveolar sacs
-Alveoli

Question 9

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

Answer 9

Main sites of gas exchange between air and blood

Question 10

Structure of the nose

Answer 10

Divided into 2 portions
1. external nose
-Skin/muscle covered portion
-cartilaginous framework

2. inner portion
   aka the nasal cavity
   -external and Internal naris
   -choanna
   -olfactory epithelium
   Nasal cavity has two regions:
   -respiratory
   -olfactory

Question 11

What are the conchae in the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

Bony projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
-superior, middle and inferior conchae

Question 12

What are the meatuses of the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

Air passageways between the conchae
-mucous membrane lining

Question 13

What is the meatuses function?

Answer 13

Swirl warm/moistened inhaled air
-Increase surface area + prevent dehydration

Question 14

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 14

Paired spaces within the skull containing drainage ducts

Question 15

Paranasal Sinuses functions?

Answer 15

-Sound resonance
-decrease skull weight
-warm, swirl and moisten the air
-modify sound

Question 16

What are the nasolacrimal ducts function?

Answer 16

-help moisten inhaled air
-drainage

Question 17

What is the Pharynx?

Answer 17

-Throat
-funnel-shaped tube

Question 18

What are the functions of the Pharynx?

Answer 18

-Be a food, liquid and air passageway
-resonating chamber for sounds
-Houses tonsils for immune response
-mucosa lined
-have skeletal muscle to control swallowing

Question 19

What are the 3 divided parts of the pharynx?

Answer 19

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 20

What is the nasopharynx?

Answer 20

Posterior to nasal cavity, extends to soft palate
Houses 5 openings
-contains uvula
-auditory tube connects to it

Question 21

What tonsils are located in the nasopharynx?

Answer 21

Pharyngeal/Adenoid tonsils

Question 22

Nasopharynx functions?

Answer 22

During swallowing, the uvula and soft palate elevate to block the nasal cavity to stop air from going into food

Question 23

What is the Oropharynx?

Answer 23

-Middle portion
_Opening of the oral cavity to oropharynx is called the fauces

Question 24

What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

Answer 24

Palatine tonsil

Question 25

Oropharynx functions?

Answer 25

Allows swallowed food, fluid and air through

Question 26

What is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 26

Starts at hyoid bone and ends at larynx CN IX and CN X nerves

Question 27

What tonsils are located in the Laryngopharynx?

Answer 27

Lingual tonsils

Question 28

Laryngopharynx functions

Answer 28

-Digestive and respiratory pathways

Question 29

What is the role of the uvula and epiglottis?

Answer 29

Uvula: Elevate to block nasal cavity during swallowing Epiglottis: prevent food from entering lungs

Question 30

How many cartilages form the Larynx?

Answer 30

9 3 unpaired 3 paired

Question 31

What are the 3 unpaired/single?

Answer 31

-Thyroid -Epiglottis -Cricoid

Question 32

What is the single cartilages function?

Answer 32

protect and support larynx

Question 33

What are the 3 paired?

Answer 33

-Arytenoid -Cuneiform -Corniculate

Question 34

What are the paired cartilages function?

Answer 34

Sound production

Question 35

What is the internal anatomy of the larynx?

Answer 35

Contains Vocal folds and vestibular folds

Question 36

What are vocal folds?

Answer 36

True vocal cords -produce sounds Rima glottidis; Space between vocal folds

Question 37

What are vestibular folds?

Answer 37

False vocal cords -don't produce sounds -protect vocal folds

Question 38

How many lobes do the right and left lungs have?

Answer 38

Right: 3 Left: 2

Question 39

What are the lobes in the right lung?

Answer 39

1. Superior 2. Middle 3. Inferior

Question 40

What are the lobes in the left lung?

Answer 40

1. Superior 2.Inferior

Question 41

Fissure both lungs have?

Answer 41

Oblique Fissure

Question 42

What does the Oblique fissure separate?

Answer 42

Right: Superior part separates superior lobe from inferior an middle lobes Left: Separates superior and inferior lobes

Question 43

What is the horizontal fissure?

Answer 43

Only in the right lung Separates superior and middle lobes

Question 44

Lung structure?

Answer 44

Both have an apex base left has a cardiac notch

Question 45

What are the types of epithelial cells in the alveoli?

Answer 45

1. Type I alveolar cell 2. Type II alveolar cell 3. alveolar macrophages

Question 46

Type I alveolar cell function?

Answer 46

Gas exchange

Question 47

Type II alveolar cell function?

Answer 47

Secrete surfactant reduce surface tension

Question 48

Alveolar macrophages function/

Answer 48

Phagocytes -engulf foreign invaders