Chapter 19 - Systematics Flashcards
Taxonomy
Naming Oragnisms
Phylogeny
Classification based on evolutionary history
Systematics
Discovering those evolutionary relationships
Clade
“Family Tree” of groups of organisms
2 Part Name
Genus / Species (Homo Sapiens)
Heirarchial
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Aves, Reptilia
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Gekkonidae
Genus: Sceloporus
Species: Sapiens
Homologous Structures
Similar structures show similar evolutionary history
Even when similar structures have different functions (Wings)
Vestigial Structures
Maintaining structures that don’t serve any purpose
Hind limb bones where no hind limbs exist.
Whale and snake pelvic structures.
Convergent Evolution
Anatomical similarities not derived from common ancestry (antifreeze proteins)
Analogous Structures:
Structures with similar function but dissimilar anatomy.
Evolutionary Biology
Reconstructing Evolutionary Trees and Classification
Trivial Classification
An organizing system of convenience which does not reflect anything beyond the criterion used for Classification
Ex: iTunes Collection, Stamp, Classifying Organisms by Color, etc.
Non-Trivial Classification
An organizing system which reflects something in addition to the criterion on which it was organized.
Ex: Periodic Table of Elements
Monophyletic Group
A compromised group of an ancestor and all of it’s descendants.
All members of that group can trace their ancestry to a most recent common ancestor.
Non-Monophyletic Group
Paraphyly and Polyphyly
