Chapter 2

Question 1

Any substance that has mass and occupies space?

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

extremely small particles?

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

Proton charge?

Answer 3

positive +

Question 4

Neutron charge?

Answer 4

neutral

Question 5

Electron charge?

Answer 5

negative -

Question 6

the amount of a substance is it’s…

Answer 6

mass

Question 7

the force gravity exerts on a substance…

Answer 7

weight

Question 8

atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons?

Answer 8

isotopes

Question 9

atom having more protons than electons and is net positive

Answer 9

cation

Question 10

atom having fewer protons than electrons and has a net negative charge

Answer 10

anion

Question 11

definition of energy?

Answer 11

the ability to do work

Question 12

loss of an electron is called?

Answer 12

oxidation

Question 13

gain of an electron is called?

Answer 13

reduction

Question 14

electrons in the outermost energy level are known as?

Answer 14

valence electrons

Question 15

atoms tend to establish completely full outer energy levels is known as the _______ rule?

Answer 15

octet rule (8)

Question 16

12 elements found in common living organisms?

Answer 16

C, H, O, N, P, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl

Question 17

a group of atoms held together in a stable association by energy?

Answer 17

a molecule

Question 18

ions held together by electrostatic forces…

Answer 18

ionic bonds

Question 19

chemical bonds formed by atoms sharing electrons?

Answer 19

covalent bonds

Question 20

covalent bonds form when?

Answer 20

two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

Question 21

double bonds are stonger than single bonds. True or False?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

a property where atoms differ in their affinity for electrons is called?

Answer 22

electronegativity

Question 23

non polar means

Answer 23

equally shared electrons

Question 24

polar means

Answer 24

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 25

4 most common atoms

Answer 25

C, H, O, N

Question 26

weak chemical attraction that disappears if atoms move even a little bit apart?

Answer 26

van der Waals force (attraction)

Question 27

formation and breaking of chemical bonds are?

Answer 27

chemical reactions

Question 28

chemical reactions occur by three important factors:

Answer 28

temperature, concentration of reactants/products, catalysts

Question 29

cohesion of liquid water is responsible for its:

Answer 29

surface tension

Question 30

adhesion is responsible for

Answer 30

meniscus

Question 31

defined as the amount of energy required to change 1g of a stubstance from a liquid to a gas:

Answer 31

heat of vaporization

Question 32

water loving

Answer 32

hydrophilic

Question 33

water fearing

Answer 33

hydrophobic

Question 34

The weight of a substance in grams that corresponds to the atomic mass of all the atoms in a molecule is called?

Answer 34

a mole

Question 35

any substance that dissociates in water to increase [H+] and lower pH is?

Answer 35

an acid

Question 36

any substance that combines with H+ when dissolved in water and lowers the [H+] (increasing pH) is?

Answer 36

a base

Question 37

any substance that resists change in pH

Answer 37

a buffer

Question 38

The number of protons and neutrons in an element makes up the...

Answer 38

atomic mass

Question 39

The mass number of each element is found UNDER the symbol and equates to the sum of protons and neutrons in the element. True or False?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Any atom with a charge is known as an:

Answer 40

ion

Question 41

non polar means equal sharing. True or False?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Anytime O2 bonds with anything other than itself it is a POLAR bond. True or False?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Hydrocarbons are always nonpolar bonds. True or False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Adhesion, Cohesion, high surface tension, heat of vaporization, 3 phases of matter (liquid, gas, solid), Polar, universal solvent, these are all known as the properties of what?

Answer 44

Water

Question 45

Water is a solute. True or False?

Answer 45

False. Water is a solvent

Question 46

sugar is a solvent. T or F?

Answer 46

False. Sugar is a solute

Question 47

What is the acronym for potential of hydrogen?

Answer 47

pH