Chapter 3

Question 1

chemical compound containing the element of carbon?

Answer 1

organic molecule

Question 2

molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen are called?

Answer 2

hydrocarbons

Question 3

What are the seven functional groups?

Answer 3

hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl

Question 4

functional group? -OH

Answer 4

hydroxyl

Question 5

functional group? C=O

Answer 5

Carbonyl

Question 6

functional group? OH-C=O

Answer 6

Carboxyl

Question 7

functional group? NH2

Answer 7

Amino

Question 8

functional group? -S-H

Answer 8

Sulfhydryl

Question 9

functional group? O=PO-O2

Answer 9

phosphate

Question 10

functional group? CH3

Answer 10

Methyl

Question 11

organic molecules with the same molecular or empirical formula but different arrangement of atoms are?

Answer 11

isomers

Question 12

4 general classes of biological macromolecules:

Answer 12

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 13

carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are all examples of?

Answer 13

polymers

Question 14

nucleic acids are polymers of?

Answer 14

nucleotides

Question 15

proteins are polymers of?

Answer 15

amino acids

Question 16

the chemical reaction of condensation is also known as a _______ reaction.

Answer 16

dehydration reaction

Question 17

The process of releasing a water molecule for every bond formed is known as ….

Answer 17

dehydration reaction

Question 18

the process of adding a water molecule between subunits is known as…

Answer 18

hydrolysis

Question 19

loosley defined group of molecules that all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a molar ratio of 1:2:1

Answer 19

carbohydrates

Question 20

the simplest of the carbohydrate sugars are?

Answer 20

monosaccharides

Question 21

glyceraldehyde, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose, galactose are all examples of what?

Answer 21

monosaccharides

Question 22

sucrose, maltose, lactose, are all examples of?

Answer 22

disaccharides

Question 23

longer sugar polymers that are made up of monosaccharides that have been joined through dehydration reacitons are?

Answer 23

polysaccharides

Question 24

transport forms of sugar made by linking two monosaccharides together

Answer 24

disaccharide

Question 25

insoluable storage polysaccharides are?

Answer 25

starches

Question 26

starch with the simplest structure is?

Answer 26

amylose

Question 27

starches are for

Answer 27

plants

Question 28

glycogen is for

Answer 28

animals

Question 29

the structural material found in arthropods and fungi is?

Answer 29

chitin

Question 30

80% of potato starch; also a more complicated form of amylose is?

Answer 30

amylopectin

Question 31

organisms store energy in

Answer 31

starches

Question 32

chain of sugar that serves as structural material for the cells

Answer 32

cellulose

Question 33

has the most diverse group of biological macromolecules both chemically and functionally

Answer 33

proteins

Question 34

enzyme catalysts, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, storage

Answer 34

different functions of proteins

Question 35

structures of proteins

Answer 35

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 36

contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH)

Answer 36

amino acids

Question 37

a covalent bond that links two amino acids is....

Answer 37

a peptide bond

Question 38

a protein that is composed of one or more long, unbranched chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a

Answer 38

polypeptide

Question 39

The primary structure of a protein is it's amino acid sequence. True or False?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

The primary structure can folde in to a pleated sheet, or turn into a helix. True or False?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

a peptide coiled into a spiral is called an

Answer 41

alpha helix

Question 42

a peptide aligned next to each other to form a planar structure is called a

Answer 42

beta sheet

Question 43

types of peptide backbone in secondary structures?

Answer 43

alpha helix, beta sheet

Question 44

final folded shape of a blobular protein is called

Answer 44

teritiary structure

Question 45

the stability of a protein, once it has folded into its tertiary sharpe, is strongly incfluenced by how well...

Answer 45

it's interior fits together

Question 46

what structure forms from hydrogen bonds forming between nearby amino acids?

Answer 46

secondary

Question 47

what structure is the final 3D shape of the protein?

Answer 47

tertiary

Question 48

type of structure only found in proteins with multiple polypeptides

Answer 48

quaternary

Question 49

two or more polypeptide chains associate to form a functional protein, individual chains are referred to as subunits. The arrangement of subunits is....

Answer 49

quaternary structure

Question 50

ATP is?

Answer 50

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 51

if a protein's environment is altered, the protein may change its shape or even unfold completley. This is called?

Answer 51

denaturation

Question 52

two main varieties of nucleic acids?

Answer 52

DNA and RNA

Question 53

Which nucleic acid encodes the genetic information to assemble proteins?

Answer 53

DNA

Question 54

What forms a double helix, uses deoxyribose as the sugar and also uses thymine in its nitrogen base?

Answer 54

DNA

Question 55

What usually is single stranded, uses ribose as the sugar and uses uracil in its base?

Answer 55

RNA

Question 56

nucleic acids are long polymers of repeating subunits called?

Answer 56

nucleotides

Question 57

a chain of 5 carbon surgars linked together by a phosphodiester bond with a nitrogen base protuding from each sugar is a?

Answer 57

nucleic acid

Question 58

a helix composed of two chains is called a

Answer 58

double helix

Question 59

What is the energy currency of the cell?

Answer 59

ATP

Question 60

loosely defined group of molecules with one main characteristic: insoluable in water

Answer 60

lipids

Question 61

animal fat, olive oil, corn oil, coconut oil, beeswax, earwax are all examples of?

Answer 61

lipids

Question 62

a fat molecule that contains three fatty acids is commonly called a

Answer 62

triglyceride

Question 63

if all internal carbon atoms in a fatty acid chain are bonded to at least two hydrogen atoms, it is said to be...

Answer 63

saturated

Question 64

a fatty acid that has double bonds between one or more pairs of successive carbon atoms is

Answer 64

unsaturated

Question 65

fatty acids with one double bond are...

Answer 65

monounsaturated

Question 66

fatty acids with more than one double bond are

Answer 66

polyunsaturated

Question 67

These are among the most important molecules of the cell. They form the core of all biological membranes.

Answer 67

phospholipids

Question 68

phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. True or False?

Answer 68

True