Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

physical material having form and weight and under ordinary conditions

Question 2

Atoms

Answer 2

smallest stable units of matter made up of subatomic particles

Question 3

Atomic Number

Answer 3

the number is protons in the atom

Question 4

Electron Shell

Answer 4

pathways that electrons are in that circle the nucleus

Question 5

Atomic Weight

Answer 5

The weight of an atom plus its isotopes

Question 6

Isotope

Answer 6

element that contains the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

any chemical structure consisting of atoms

Question 8

Ion

Answer 8

atom with the different numbers of electrons and protons

Question 9

Anion

Answer 9

negatively charged ion

Question 10

Cation

Answer 10

positively charged ion

Question 11

Electrical charge

Answer 11

quantity of unbalanced electricity

Question 12

Mass number

Answer 12

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 13

Isomers

Answer 13

atomic nuclei that has the same mass number but different energy states

Question 14

Single bond

Answer 14

two elements share two electrons

Question 15

Double Bond

Answer 15

two elements share four electrons

Question 16

Hydrophilic

Answer 16

love of water

- 1 phospho or glycol head

Question 17

Polar

Answer 17

has unequal share of electrons

Question 18

Non-polar

Answer 18

has equal share of electrons

Question 19

hydrophobic

Answer 19

fear of water (water proof)

- 2 fatty acid tails

Question 20

Hydrolysis

Answer 20

double decomposition reaction with water

Question 21

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 21

creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where

- water molecule is released

Question 22

Acid

Answer 22

increasing quantities of hydrogen ions

- pH below 7

Question 23

base

Answer 23

increasing quantities of hydroxide ion

- pH above 7.8

Question 24

Buffer

Answer 24

maintain pH by buffering

Question 25

Alkalosis

Answer 25

body fluids has excessive base (alkali)

Question 26

Acidosis

Answer 26

too much acid in body fluids

Question 27

Electrolyte

Answer 27

mineral in body that have electrical charge

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

process of movement molecule under a concentration gradient

Question 29

osmosis

Answer 29

water across membrane

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

lower solute concentration compared to the intercellular solute concentration

Question 32

Hypertonic

Answer 32

any external solution that has a higher solute concentration and a low water concentration compared to body fluids

Question 33

Organic Molecules

Answer 33

A molecule of the kind normally found in living systems

Question 34

4 Major Biological Molecules

Answer 34

• carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• nucleic acids

Question 35

4 structures of a protein

Answer 35

• primary structure
• secondary structure
• tertiary structure
• quaternary structure

Question 36

2 Types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 36

• DNA

- RNA

Question 37

what base pairs go with each nucleic acid

Answer 37

• adenine (A) and thymine (T)

- cytosine (C) and guanine (G)