Chapter 3

Question 1

Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Answer 1

• skin like, H2O cannot pass through
• two layers of phospholipids
• physical isolation

Question 2

Integral Proteins

Answer 2

span the membrane (transmembrane) one or more time

Question 3

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 3

proteins attached only on inside or outside surface

• NOT part of the membrane

Question 4

Anchoring Proteins

Answer 4

anchors membrane to cytoskeleton (inside) and anchors cell to another cell (outside)

Question 5

Enzymes

Answer 5

These catalyze reactions in extracellular fluid

- outside or inside

Question 6

Leak Channels

Answer 6

allow H20 and ions to pass at all times

Question 7

Gated Channels

Answer 7

Gates open and close to regulate ion passage

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

internal protein framework

Question 9

Microfilaments

Answer 9

Most Fragile of all filaments, produces movement

Question 10

Microtubules

Answer 10

Largest of all filaments that make up cytoskeleton, important cell division

Question 11

Microvilli

Answer 11

small bumps, increase surface area

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

moves fluid across the surface of the cell

Question 13

Flagella

Answer 13

moves cell around like propeller on boat

- only found in sperm

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

protein assembly factory

Question 15

Smooth ER

Answer 15

• makes cholesterol, steroid sex hormones

- NO ribosomes

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

• transport vesicles made here

- has ribosomes

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Contains digestive enzymes, (breaks cells down)

Question 18

Peroxisomes

Answer 18

• smaller than lysosomes

- carries enzymes, neutralize toxins

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

power house of cell

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

control center of the cell

Question 21

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 21

separates the nucleus from cytoplasm

Question 22

Organelles

Answer 22

(little organs) intracellular structures

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

concentration gradient - become evenly distributed

- goes high to low

Question 24

Osmosis

Answer 24

the ‘diffusion’ of H20 across a membrane

Question 25

Pinocytosis

Answer 25

"cell drinking" - groove forms on cell membrane

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

"cell eating" - no receptors used for this process

Question 27

Cytoplasm

Answer 27

gel like fluid inside of Cell 

Question 28

Cytosol

Answer 28

The solution of proteins and metabolics inside biological cell

Question 29

Nucleus

Answer 29

membrane enclosed organelle that contains the chromosomes

Question 30

Chromatin

Answer 30

 mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells

Question 31

Vesicles

Answer 31

…. that transport material within and outside the cell

Question 32

Golgi Bodies

Answer 32

sell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

Question 33

Channel Proteins

Answer 33

type of transport protein

Question 34

Receptors

Answer 34

nerve endings in your body which react to changes

Question 35

Permeability

Answer 35

The ease in which molecules cross biological membranes

Question 36

Concentration Gradient

Answer 36

concentration of particles is higher in one area than the other

Question 37

Equilibrium

Answer 37

A state of physical or mental balance or stability

Question 38

Filtration

Answer 38

The removal or filtering of the toxins and Weiss products from body

Question 39

Tonicity

Answer 39

ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Question 40

Exchange pump

Answer 40

generates flow and charge