Chapter 2

Question 1

Isotopes of an element have different..

Answer 1

Mass numbers

Question 2

The smallest stable unit of matter

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Chemical symbol for sodium

Answer 3

Na

Question 4

Chemical symbol for iron

Answer 4

Fe

Question 5

Chemical symbol for Potassium

Answer 5

K

Question 6

Chemical symbol for phosphorus

Answer 6

P

Question 7

Atoms of a particular element all have the same number of…

Answer 7

Protons

Question 8

Atoms interact together to form more complex structures called…

Answer 8

Molecules

Question 9

If an atom gives away an electron in an effort to have a full outer shell it becomes electrically…

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

A ____ has received an extra electron and it carries a ____ charge.

Answer 10

Anion; negative

Question 11

A____ has lost an electron and it carries a ____ charge.

Answer 11

Cation; positive

Question 12

An atom that has a completely full outer shell.

Answer 12

Inert atom

Question 13

Bonds that connect atoms together within a water molecule.

Answer 13

Covalent bonds

Question 14

Bond that connects water molecules to one another in a glass of water

Answer 14

Hydrogen bond

Question 15

A ____ is a chemical made up of atoms of two or more different elements

Answer 15

Compound

Question 16

Bond that connects atoms within the salt sodium chloride

Answer 16

Ionic bond

Question 17

In this bond, and anion is attracted to a cation.

Answer 17

Ionic bond

Question 18

A ____ bond forms when atoms share pairs of electrons

Answer 18

Covalent bond

Question 19

A ____ bond is an electrochemical attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Answer 19

Ionic bond

Question 20

In a ____ bond each pair of electrons shared equals one bond

Answer 20

Covalent bond

Question 21

A ____ bond forms between the positive part of one polar molecule and the negative part of another polar molecule.

Answer 21

Hydrogen

Question 22

Chemical reactions must always be…

Answer 22

Balanced. Same number of atoms of each element on both sides

Question 23

Energy of motion

Answer 23

Kinetic energy

Question 24

A ____ reaction releases energy

Answer 24

Exergonic

Question 25

A ____ reaction absorbs energy (requires more energy than it produces)

Answer 25

Endergonic

Question 26

Chloride (Cl) is an

Answer 26

Ion

Question 27

Stored energy is

Answer 27

Potential energy

Question 28

An enzyme works by reducing…

Answer 28

The activation energy required for a chemical reaction

Question 29

The ____ is the energy required to start a reaction

Answer 29

Activation energy

Question 30

In a chemical reaction, the starting components are called

Answer 30

Reactants

Question 31

In a chemical reaction, the ending components are called

Answer 31

Products

Question 32

The capacity to perform work is

Answer 32

Energy

Question 33

All the reactions within a cell are collectively called

Answer 33

Metabolism

Question 34

NaCl —> Na+ + Cl- is an example of

Answer 34

Decomposition reaction

Question 35

Na+ + Cl- —> NaCl is an example of

Answer 35

Synthesis reaction

Question 36

Building a protein requires small molecules called amino acids to be bonded together to form a chain. This process would…

Answer 36

Require the input of energy

Question 37

Reactions that break bonds are termed

Answer 37

Catabolic

Question 38

Reactions that build bonds are termed

Answer 38

Anabolic

Question 39

Breaking down a molecule glucose in a process called cellular respiration is how we generate energy in our cells. This process would occur through..

Answer 39

Hydrolysis

Question 40

A reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller components is..

Answer 40

Decomposition reaction

Question 41

A reaction that bonds smaller molecules together to form larger molecules is a…

Answer 41

Synthesis reaction

Question 42

A reaction which the parts of the reactant molecules are shuffled around to form new products is called

Answer 42

Exchange

Question 43

The energy released during catabolic reactions comes from

Answer 43

Breaking a bond

Question 44

In a reversible reaction, the products..

Answer 44

Can change back into the reactants

Question 45

Building a bond requires

Answer 45

Energy

Question 46

In a ____ reaction, a molecule of water is used to break bonds

Answer 46

Hydrolysis

Question 47

____ dissociate in water to form ions

Answer 47

Electrolytes

Question 48

A molecule dissolved in water is a

Answer 48

Solute

Question 49

When an ionic compound is placed in water it will break apart or

Answer 49

Dissociate

Question 50

A ____ is a coating of water surrounding an ion or polar molecule

Answer 50

Hydration sphere

Question 51

Electrolytes are important because they provide the ions we need for normal ____

Answer 51

Metabolism

Question 52

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Answer 52

pH

Question 53

____ is any chemical that dissociated in water to release H+

Answer 53

An acid

Question 54

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is considered a base because it

Answer 54

Dissolves and releases OH-, which absorbs H+

Question 55

A ____ can remove hydrogen ions from a solution

Answer 55

Base

Question 56

Buffer systems work by

Answer 56

Releasing or removing hydrogen ions to prevent shifts in pH