Chapter 3

Question 1

The network of membranous vesicles and channels responsible for synthesizing and packaging lipids and carbohydrates

Answer 1

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Membranous sacs containing degradative enzymes that break down fatty acids and organic compounds

Answer 2

Peroxisomes

Question 3

All the material between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

The fluid part of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

Fluid outside the cell

Answer 5

Extracellular fluid

Question 6

The inside of the cell is separated from the outside by the

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

Organelle with double membrane responsible for producing 95% of cellular ATP

Answer 7

Mitochondrion

Question 8

A cell that is able to develop into any cell in the body

Answer 8

Totipotent

Question 9

Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down damaged organelles, foreign material, and pathogens

Answer 9

Lysosomes

Question 10

Stacks of flattened membranous vesicles that modify and package proteins

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

RNA and protein complexes that synthesize proteins

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

Proteins organized into microfilaments or microtubules that support the structure of the cell and move cellular components

Answer 12

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

Intracellular structures with specific functions

Answer 13

Organelles

Question 14

A membrane-bound organelle containing DNA, nucleotides, proteins, and enzymes

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

The network of membranous vesicles and channels covered with ribosomes and responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins

Answer 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Membranous extensions from the plasma membrane that increase surface area for secretion or absorption

Answer 16

Microvilli

Question 17

Fluid inside the cell

Answer 17

Intracellular fluid

Question 18

The process of turning on or off certain genes and directing cell specialization

Answer 18

Differentiation

Question 19

Four basic tissue types

Answer 19

Epithelial, neural, muscle, and connective

Question 20

A selectively permeable membrane…

Answer 20

..Allows some substances to cross, but restricts others.

Question 21

What molecule is found embedded within the plasma membrane?

Answer 21

Cholesterol

Question 22

_______ provide strength and support within the cell and move organelles through the cytoplasm

Answer 22

Microfilaments and microtubules

Question 23

_______ are located on the surface of certain cells and beat rhythmically to move substances across the cell surface

Answer 23

Cilia

Question 24

Two types of organic compounds that make up the cell membrane

Answer 24

Proteins and Phospholipids

Question 25

______ are responsible for directing movement for various parts of the cytoskeleton

Answer 25

Centrioles

Question 26

An integral protein is…

Answer 26

Embedded within the membrane

Question 27

Mitochondria participate in…

Answer 27

Aerobic respiration

Question 28

The folds on the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Answer 28

Cristae

Question 29

Proteins produced by ____ in the ____ move to the _____ for packaging

Answer 29

Ribosomes; rough ER; Golgi apparatus

Question 30

What organelle is responsible for plasma membrane renewal?

Answer 30

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Lysosomes are made in the

Answer 31

Golgi apparatus

Question 32

Proteins manufactured in the rough ER are next sent to the

Answer 32

Golgi apparatus

Question 33

Vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus may

Answer 33

Fuse with the plasma membrane to release secretions out of the cell

Question 34

_____ contains the instructions for making proteins

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

_____ condenses into _____ at the beginning of cell division

Answer 35

Chromatin; chromosomes

Question 36

Condensed, tightly wound DNA forms

Answer 36

Chromosomes

Question 37

A “big” chromosome consists of two _____ held together at the _____

Answer 37

Chromatids; centromere

Question 38

The structure that allows chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol is called a

Answer 38

Nuclear pore

Question 39

Ribosomes are manufactured in the

Answer 39

Nucleolus

Question 40

Controls what enters and exits the nucleus

Answer 40

Nuclear pores

Question 41

Human somatic cells contain a total of ____ chromosomes

Answer 41

46

Question 42

The structure that separates DNA from the cytoplasm is the

Answer 42

Nuclear envelope

Question 43

Protein production at the ____ is dependent upon energy production in the ____

Answer 43

Ribosomes; mitochondria

Question 44

Loosely organized DNA within the nucleus

Answer 44

Chromatin

Question 45

Chromosomes exist

Answer 45

In pairs